河南省丘陵山区中小规模牛养殖业现状与对策分析

Situations and Measures of the Small and Middle Cattle Production System in Hill Regions in Henan Province

中文关键词: 牛养殖业  丘陵山区  现状  对策  河南省

英文关键词: cattle production system  hill regions  situation  measure  Henan Province

中文摘要:

      本文实地调研了河南省内太行山、伏牛山、桐柏山、大别山区域中小规模牛养殖户的人员年龄、养殖模式、从业人数、养殖规模、群体结构、耕地面积等现状，分析了存在的问题，并提出相应对策，以期为丘陵山区牛养殖业高质量发展提供参考。结果表明，养殖户（场）从业人员年龄偏大，有58.07%的养殖户年龄﹥60岁。养殖模式以“放牧+舍饲”为主，占90%以上；存栏以母牛和犊牛为主，母牛平均存栏数占总存栏量的60%以上，养殖母牛繁育销售犊牛为主要收益途径。93%的养殖户从业人数为1～3人，以家庭为单元的小规模主；养殖户自留或租赁耕地，兼营从事种植业，初步实现了粪污还田利用。但是存在牛养殖业群体结构和规模不够优化，种养循环的科技化、标准化水平较低，综合经济效益不高等问题。因此，建议合理进行区域规划布局，加强关键技术和政策研究，促进丘陵山区牛养殖业健康发展，助力乡村振兴。

英文摘要:

      In this manuscript, we investigated the situations of small and middle cattle farm on cattle farmer’s age, feeding model, number of workers and cattle, structure of the cattle group, and planting areas in Taihang, Funiu,Tongbai, and Dabie’shan mountain regions, Henan Province; and also analyzed the modern questions and pointed out the corresponding measures, so as to obtain high quality levels to development and provide references to the cattle production system. The results showed that farmers’ age was a little older, and about 58.07% farmers more than 60 years old. “Grazing and dry-lot feeding” was the mainly feeding model in these regions, which occupied more than 90% cattle farms. Breeding cows and producing calves were the mainly structures and also the most important benefit way；and more than 60% cattle were cows. However, most cattle farm were mainly the family unit and little group cattle, and each of them have 1～3 members and occupy 93% the total cattle farm. All farmers have or rent farmlands and used to planting crops; and consequently returned the compost to farmland soils and reused it. But it still existed imperfect to cattle farm both in structure and in number, lower levels in technology and standards to crop planted connected with cattle fed and little total economical benefits obtained .Therefore, it is very crucial to rational designing the cattle production system, intensifying the research on the key technology and policy, and promoting the healthy development of cattle production system in hill regions; it will helpful to the rural revitalization.