张掖肉牛屠宰性能测定和肉品质评定结果

slaughter performance measurement and meat quality evaluation of Zhangye beef cattle

中文关键词: 屠宰性能  肉品质  分析  肉牛品种  培育进展

英文关键词: slaughter performance  meat quality  Analysis  beef cattle breeds  advance of systemic breedng

中文摘要:

      【目的】为了解张掖肉牛现阶段产肉性能，及时分析品种培育进展和成效，张掖市通过委托第三方专业检测机构开展肉牛屠宰性能测定和肉品质评价试验,根据其结果进行分析研判。【方法】从3家肉牛核心育种场选择具有继代关系的公犊牛持续育肥后根据屠宰性能测定和肉品质评定试验结果分析世代遗传进展和品种培育成效。【结果】本试验历时5年，完成连续2个世代各20头育肥牛的屠宰测定和肉质评定。共测定性能指标35项，对其中25项测定值进行样本配对检验，试验B较试验A的体重、体高、胸围、胴体重、净肉重5项指标差异显著，管围、肉质大理石花纹、PH、系水力、蒸煮损失5项指标差异极显著，月龄、十字高、体斜长、腹围等其它15项指标有差异但尚未达到显著水平。而且试验B组较A组的屠宰月龄缩短1.64m，而体重增加59.91kg，且体尺表型值相应增加。根据日增重遗传力（h2）0.42计算出宰前体重表型增加量为25.16kg（即剔除由于育种场饲养管理改进、环境影响友好和其它有利因素叠加实现的提高量为34.75kg），相当于产肉量增加11.6kg 。【结论】 从2次结果反映出品种选育有成效，由活重体现出遗传进展。说明体重是一个在较短的时间内就能够看到效果的性状，经过世代选育就可用表型数据体现。在现有的自然环境、生产条件、技术水平和选育强度下，张掖肉牛的体重遗传改进明显，生产水平在稳步提高。实践中要加强对各阶段体重的选择。肉质等其它指标的选育进展相对较慢，需要经过较长时间的选育才能通过表型体现出达到差异显著和极显著水平。

英文摘要:

      【Objectives 】In order to understand the meat production performance of Zhangye beef cattle at the present stage and timely analyze the progress and effectiveness of breed breeding, zhangye Beef cattle breeding Technology Group decided to carry out slaughter performance measurement and meat quality evaluation test of beef cattle by entrusting third-party professional testing institutions, and conduct research and judgment according to the results. 【 Methods 】 Male calves with subgeneration relationship were selected from three core beef cattle breeding farms and fattened continuously. The genetic progress of generations and breeding effect were analyzed according to slaughter performance and meat quality evaluation test results. 【 Results 】 This experiment lasted for 5 years, and the slaughter determination and meat quality evaluation of 20 fattening cattle from two successive generations were completed. Performance index of 35 items were measured test samples, the statistical description analysis, some 25 measurements in sample matching test, experiment B is A test of cattle body weight, body height, chest circumference, body weight, net weight 5 indicators significant difference, pipe circumference, fleshy marbling, PH, water, cooking loss 5 indicators extremely significant difference, The other 15 indexes, such as age, cross height, body oblique length and abdominal circumference, were different but not significant. Compared with group A, the slaughter month of group B was shortened by 1.64m, and the body weight was increased by 59.91kg, and the body size phenotype was increased correspondingly. Among them, body weight was the most important item to determine the increase value. According to the daily gain heritability (H2) of Zhangye beef cattle at 6-18 months of age of 0.42, the pre-slaughter weight phenotype increase (i.e. generation development) was 25.16kg. Due to the improvement of breeding management, friendly environment and other favorable factors, the increase of 34.75kg was eliminated. 【 Conclusion 】 The carcass weight and net meat weight increased with the increase of body weight before slaughter, and the difference between generations reached significant level. Therefore, it is feasible to analyze the breeding effect and genetic progress of varieties according to the slaughter performance and meat quality evaluation results.These results indicated that premortem body weight was a phenotypic trait which could be observed in a short time and could be reflected by phenotypic value after one generation of breeding.Under the existing natural environment, production conditions and technical level, the genetic improvement (generation phenotype increase) value of zhangye beef cattle body weight reached 25.16kg, indicating that the meat production performance of Zhangye beef cattle was gradually improved through breed breeding, and the selection of body weight at each stage should be strengthened in practice.The breeding progress of other indexes such as meat quality is relatively slow, and it takes a long time to reach the significant and extremely significant level through phenotype.