牦牛发情后生殖器官变化及卵巢动态发育过程

The Variation of Yak Reproductive Organs and Ovary Development Process after Estrus

中文关键词: 牦牛  发情期  生殖器官  卵巢  卵泡

英文关键词: yak  estrus period  reproductive organ  ovary  follicle

中文摘要:

      (目的)探明牦牛发情症状的主要表现形式及其发生几率。（方法）采用跟踪观察、生殖器官的临床检查和B超探查技术，对147头出现静立反射成年母牦牛的主要发情症状和卵巢发育状况进行了监测统计。（结果）发情季节初次发情的牦牛，出现外阴肿胀、潮红，阴门有粘液流出，子宫颈外口肿胀的个体比例均略低于再次发情牦牛；优势卵巢体积在发情开始时（0d）平均为2.41±0.31cm，最大卵泡直径在发情第1d可达到0.91±0.22cm，排卵发生在优势卵巢上。发情季节再次发情的牦牛，发情第0d两侧卵巢的体积都明显大于初次发情牦牛（P<0.01），最大卵泡直径在发情第1d略小于初次发情牦牛（0.88 ±0.21），但差异不显著（P>0.05），排卵多发生在小卵巢上；发情期（1.4±0.5d）略短于初次发情牦牛（1.8±0.6d），但差异不显著（P>0.05）。（结论）牦牛发情期主要发情症状并不完全出现，发情季节初次发情个体的发情表现更不充分。发情鉴定时，应根据外部症状、粘液分泌情况、卵巢发育状况来综合判断，在卵巢体积达到2.4cm左右、卵泡直径在0.8cm左右时就有发情的可能。（意义）研究结果为牦牛发情鉴定提供了重要参考依据。

英文摘要:

      (Objective) To research the main symptoms and occurrence probability of yak estrus. (Methods) Estrus symptoms and ovary development process of 147 female yaks are recorded and analyzed using tracking observation, clinical examination and B-mode ultrasound methods. (Results) The results indicate that in herd for the first estrus of the productive season, the proportion of yaks with labia swelling and blushing, mucus flowing out of vulva and external cervical orifice swelling is lower than that for the second time. The mean volume of preponderant ovary is 2.41±0.31cm at the beginning of estrus (0d), the diameter of largest follicle can reach to 2.41±0.31cm, and the ovulation taken placed in preponderant ovaries. In yak’s second estrus, the volume of both ovaries are larger than that during the first estrus (P<0.01). The diameter of the largest follicle （0.88 ±0.21） is less than that of the first estrus yaks, but the difference is not significant (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the ovulation takes place in small ovaries. Estrus period of these yaks (1.4±0.5d) are shorter than that in estrus for the first time (1.8±0.6d), but the difference are not significant (P>0.05). (Conclusion) These results imply that the estrus symptoms of yaks are not completely appeared, especially in the first estrus of the reproductive season. The estrus diagnosis of yak should be completed according to the synthetic judgment of these estrus symptoms. The estrus probably has been initiated when the volume of ovary reaching to 2.4cm and the diameter of the largest follicle up to 0.8cm in yaks. (Significance) The present study provides some important references for the estrus diagnosis in yaks.