丝路寒旱区不同品种肉牛育肥期日增重及屠宰性能对比

Comparison of daily gain and slaughter performance of different beef cattle breeds during fattening period in Cold and arid regions of Silk Road

中文关键词: 丝路寒旱区，张掖肉牛、安格斯、荷斯坦，育肥期日增重，屠宰性能，对比

英文关键词: Cold and arid region of Silk Road, Zhangye beef cattle, Angus and Holstein, daily gain in fattening period, slaughter performance, comparison

中文摘要:

      【目的】了解不同肉牛品种在丝路寒旱区的育肥屠宰性能，为乡村振兴路上的规模育肥者选择牛源、品种和确定育肥期长短提供科学的决策依据。 【方法】以甘肃张掖舍饲管理条件下的公犊牛育肥、出栏记录为样本进行分析，比较在相同的饲养管理条件下不同品种肉牛的育肥期日增重；以现代化流水屠宰加工车间屠宰牛只胴体过磅记录为样本对不同品种宰前重、胴体重和屠宰率进行比较分析。 【结果】根据智慧牧场24批次入场培育和育肥和屠宰车间屠宰11779头牛只信息分析，目前丝路寒旱区以张掖肉牛、安格斯和荷斯坦3个品种为主进行肉牛生产，其中：公牛育肥产肉占84.54%，其中:张掖肉牛占74.61%居主导地位，安格斯占16.08%，荷斯坦占9.31%。在相同的饲养和管理条件下，经250天育肥平均日增重张掖肉牛达1.41kg、安格斯1.33kg，荷斯坦1.19kg。安格斯胴体重和屠宰率最高，分别为393.21kg和57.83%，张掖肉牛次之。 【结论】甘肃特色现代丝路寒旱农业重大项目实施区的（张掖）肉牛育肥优势突出，日增重达到较高水平。 地处北纬380 的黄金玉米产业带，气候适宜、饲草资源丰富，适于肉牛产业发展。现有的3个品种在这里育肥效果均较好，育肥期平均日增重均达到1.19kg以上。ZY肉牛达到1.41kg，与公开报到的试验结果相比具有明显的优势。品种不同但各有优势，安格斯育肥期长，胴体重和屠宰率高，是生产高档牛肉的品种；张掖肉牛育肥期短、日增重高，生产周期短，周转快；荷斯坦公犊育肥丰富市场牛肉供应。但在育肥牛源始重的选择上有一定的区别，张掖肉牛以300Kg左右架子牛育肥比较普遍，安格斯和荷斯坦以200kg左右犊牛持续育肥为主。 品种间平均日增重差异较大。在相同的生产周期和饲养管理条件下若选择张掖肉牛育肥，尽量选择300kg以上，以较高的日增重和短的育肥期获得较高的投资收益回报。 育肥期平均日增重与育肥期长短关联性较强。如果育肥期相同，始重大则日增重高；而始重相同，育肥期长日增重低；生产中要注意选择始重大的架子牛进行育肥，争取缩短育肥期，取得较好的经济效益。 屠宰性能来看，生产大群体平均宰前重、胴体重和屠宰率分别达到646.84kg、353.13kg和54.24%；张掖肉牛宰前重、胴体重和屠宰率达到684.72kg、387kg和56.43%，均为目前我国较高的水平〔3〕。

英文摘要:

      [Objective] To understand the fusing and slaughtering performance of different beef cattle breeds in cold and arid regions of the Silk Road, so as to provide scientific decision-making basis for the selection of cattle sources, breeds and the length of fusing period for large-scale beef cattle finders on the Rural Revitalization Road. 【Methods】The fattening and fattening records of male calves in Zhangye, Gansu Province were analyzed as samples, and the daily gain of different beef cattle in fattening period was compared under the same feeding management conditions. The weight before slaughter, carcass weight and slaughtering rate of different breeds were compared and analyzed by using the carcass weight records of modern streamline slaughtering workshop as samples. 【Results】According to the information analysis of 11,779 cattle slaughtered by 24 batches of breeding, fattening and slaughtering workshops in Wisdom Ranch, there were ZY, AG and HS in beef cattle production in cold and arid regions of Silk Road. Meat fattening with bull accounted for 84.54%, among which ZY accounted for 74.61%, Angus accounted for 16.08%, Holstein accounted for 9.31%. Adjusted to 250 days fattening period average daily gain Zhangye beef 1.41kg, Angus 1.33kg and Holstein 1.19kg. The carcass weight and slaughter percentage of Angus were the highest, which were 393.21kg and 57.83%, respectively, followed by Zhangye beef. 【Conclusion】 The implementation of Gansu characteristic modern Silk Road cold and drought agricultural major project has obvious results, Zhangye beef cattle industry has prominent advantages, and the level of fattening is higher. Zhangye is located in the golden corn industrial belt of 380 north latitude in the cold and arid regions of the Silk Road. It has a suitable climate and rich forage resources, which is suitable for the development of beef cattle industry. The three varieties had good fattening effect here, and the average daily gain during fattening period was more than 1.19kg. Different varieties have their own advantages. Angus has long fattening period, high carcass weight and slaughter rate. Zhangye beef cattle fattening period is short, daily gain is high, production cycle is short, turnover is fast; Holstein calf fattening rich market beef supply. But there are some differences in the choice of fattening cattle source weight, Zhangye beef cattle with about 300Kg shelf cattle fattening is more common, Angus and Holstein with about 200kg calves sustained fattening. The average daily gain varied greatly among varieties. If Zhangye beef cattle fattening is selected under the same production cycle and feeding management conditions, more than 300kg should be selected as far as possible to obtain a higher return on investment with higher daily gain and short fattening period. There was a strong correlation between average daily gain and length of fattening period. If the fattening period is the same, the first major is higher daily gain; The initial weight was the same, but the daily gain was lower during the long fattening period. In production, attention should be paid to the selection of the first major shelf cattle for fattening, to shorten the fattening period, to achieve better economic benefits. From the point of slaughter performance, the average weight before slaughter, body weight and slaughter rate of large groups were 646.84kg, 353.13kg and 54.24%, respectively, which were the highest level in our country.