饲养密度对西门塔尔公牛增重和动物福利的影响

Effects of stocking density on weight gain and animal welfare of Simmental bulls

中文关键词: 饲养密度  肉牛  西门塔尔公牛  生长性能  动物福利

英文关键词: Keywords: stocking density  Beef cattle  Simmental bulls  growth performance  animal welfare

中文摘要:

      [目的]为了研究饲养密度对西门塔尔公牛增重及抗氧化能力的影响。[方法]试验选择黑龙江省某种牛场健康的11～13月龄西门塔尔公牛24头，并按照体重分层随机分组，每组8头，组间始重无显著差异，Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组饲养密度分别为8 m2/头、10 m2/头、12 m2/头，试验预饲期10 d，试验期40 d，共50 d。[结果]在试验结束时，Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组试验牛体重无显著差异（P>0.05）。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组试验牛均表现随投料后时间延长，趴卧率逐渐增高，Ⅲ组试验牛晨饲后和晚饲后2 h的趴卧率显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。在试验开始时，Ⅰ组血液CREA水平显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），其他指标差异不显著（P>0.05）。试验结束，Ⅰ组血液CREA和HSP-70水平显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组（P<0.05），其他指标差异不显著（P>0.05）。[结论]在相同增重水平下，西门塔尔公牛由420 kg育肥至490 kg，饲养密度为8 m2/头时，牛舍空间利用效率更高，但长期饲养有威胁动物健康的风险，考虑动物福利和增重水平，推荐饲养密度为10 m2/头。

英文摘要:

      [Objective] To investigate the effect of stocking density on weight gain and animal welfare of Simmental bulls. [Methods] Twenty-four healthy Simmental bulls with 11-13 month age were divided into following groups by body weight randomly: The stocking density of group I, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was 8 m2 per head, 10 m2 per head and 12 m2 per head, respectively. [Results] At the end of the test, there was no significant difference in cattle weight in group I, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P>0.05). The lying-prone rate were gradually increased with the time extension after feeding in every groups, and the lying-prone rate of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group I and group Ⅱ after morning and evening feeding (P<0.05). The CREA levels of group I was significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ at the beginning of the test (P<0.05), and the CREA and HSP-70 levels of group I were significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ at the end of the test (P<0.05), and other indexes were no significant differences (P>0.05). [Conclusion] At the same weight gain level, the space utilization rate of the cowshed was higher when the stocking density was 8 m2 per head with Simmental bulls were fattened from 420 kg to 490 kg. However, Long-term feeding had a risk of animal health. Considering the animal welfare and weight gain level, the recommended feeding density is 10 m2 per head.