弗莱威赫牛与张掖肉牛杂交改良效果研究

Study on the Effects of Crossbreeding Flevoler Cattle with Zhangye Beef Cattle for Improvement

中文关键词: 张掖肉牛  弗莱威赫  杂交改良  生产性能

英文关键词: Zhangyebeefcattle  Fleckvieh  crossbreedingimprovement  productionperformance

中文摘要:

      张掖肉牛经过40多年的杂交改良,已形成具有鲜明地方特色的肉牛种群。其具有生长速度快、育肥性能好、环境适应性强、耐粗饲的特点,但因泌乳性能不佳,导致犊牛繁殖存活率较低,养殖效益低下,制约了肉牛繁殖性状的提高,增加了母牛养殖成本。为了提高张掖肉牛的群体繁殖存活率,本研究以张掖肉牛为母本、弗莱威赫牛(德系西门塔尔)为父本,开展杂交改良试验。结果显示,其杂交后代张弗杂F1 繁殖存活率达到87.3%,较张掖市2021—2024年统计的张掖肉牛平均繁殖存活率74.5%高12.8个百分点;张弗杂F1 在初生、断奶、12月龄和18月龄时的体重和各项体尺指标也均高于母本张掖肉牛,其中体重在各生长阶段与母本差异均不显著(P >0.05),但18月龄时,张弗杂F1 的体高、体斜长较母本分别增加7.35和11.30cm(P ≤0.01),胸围和腹围分别增加1.92和2.89cm(P ≤0.05),十字部高和管围与母本差异不显著;张弗杂F1 的日均产奶量较母本极显著(PP >0.05)。说明以弗莱威赫为父本杂交改良张掖肉牛,可显著提高其F1 代牛的泌乳性能,且生长性能亦有显著提升。

英文摘要:

      After over 40 years of crossbreeding and improvement,Zhangye beef cattle have developed into a distinct local beef cattle population characterized by rapid growth rate,superior fattening performance,strong environmental adaptability,and high roughage tolerance.However,their poor lactation performance results in relatively low calf survival and reproductive rates,leading to reduced breeding efficiency,hindering the improvement of reproductive traits,and increasing the maintenance costs of cows.To enhance the population reproductive survival rate of Zhangye beef cattle,this study used Zhangye beef cattle as the maternal line and Fleckvieh (German Simmental)as the paternal line to conduct a crossbreeding improvement experiment.The results showed that the reproductive survival rate of the resulting Zhangye-Fleckvieh F1 crossbred offspring reached 87.3%,which was 12.8 percentage points higher than the average reproductive survival rate of 74.5% for Zhangye beef cattle recorded in Zhangye City from 2021 to 2024.The Zhangye-Fleckvieh F1 crosses also exhibited higher body weights and various body measurements at birth,weaning, 12 months, and 18 months of age compared to the maternal Zhangye beef cattle.While the differences in body weight at various growth stages were not statistically significant (P>0.05),at 18 months of age, the body height and body length of the F1 crosses were significantly increased by 7.35 cm and 11.30 cm,respectively (P≤0.01),and the heart girth and abdominal girth were significantly increased by 1.92 cm and 2.89 cm, respectively (P≤0.05),compared to the maternal line.Differences in hip height and cannon circumference were not significant.The average daily milk yield of the F1 crosses was extremely significantly higher (P≤0.01) by 87.85% compared to the maternal line,whereas differences in milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage were not significant (P>0.05).These findings indicate that using Fleckvieh as a paternal line for crossbreeding improvement of Zhangye beef cattle can significantly enhance the lactation performance of the F1 offspring,along with a notable improvement in growth performance.