补饲对母牦牛体重与繁殖性能的影响

Impact of Supplemental Feeding on Body Weight and Reproductive Performance of Female Yaks

中文关键词: 母牦牛  补饲  早期断奶  繁殖率

英文关键词: female yaks  supplemental feeding  early weaning  reproductive rate

中文摘要:

      缩短牦牛繁殖周期是提高牦牛生产性能、增加农牧民收入的有效方法，补饲不仅可以解决牦牛四季营养摄入量不均衡的问题，还能满足母畜发情的营养需求。本研究选择体况良好、体重相近、年龄一致、健康的大通牦牛作为供试母牦牛，设置妊娠补饲组（试验 1 组）和不补饲组（对照 1 组）及空怀补饲组（试验 2 组）和不补饲组（对照 2 组），每组均 15 头，试验 1 组和对照 1 组母牦牛均于 4 月产犊，对其所产犊牛进行早期断奶，试验 1 组犊牛继续补饲，对照 1 组犊牛不补饲，通过对比 4 组母牦牛及试验 1 组和对照 1 组犊牛体重随时间的变化以及 4 组母牦牛的繁殖率，探究了补饲对母牦牛体重与繁殖性能的影响。结果显示，试验 1 组母牦牛在 6 月份后增重明显，而对照 1 组母牦牛体重波动剧烈，到夏季体重恢复仍不足；试验 1 组母牦牛所产犊牛初生重及犊牛增重均显著高于对照 1 组；试验 1 组母牦牛第 2 年繁殖率达到 93.33%，而对照 1 组妊娠率仅 40%。试验 2 组母牦牛体重从 3 月到 8 月持续增加，与对照 2 组母牦牛体重差异不显著；试验 2 组和对照 2 组母牦牛第 2 年繁殖率均达到 100%。综上可知，补饲有助于尽快恢复产后母牛体重及繁殖率，也有助于其所产犊牛生长。

英文摘要:

      Shortening the yak breeding cycle is an effective method to enhance yak production performance and increase income for farmers and herders. Supplementary feeding not only addresses the issue of imbalanced seasonal nutrient intake in yaks but also meets the nutritional requirements for estrus in female livestock. This study selected healthy Datong yaks with good body condition, similar weight, and uniform age as experimental subjects. All yaks in Test Group 1 and Control Group 1 calved in April, with their calves undergoing early weaning. Calves in Test Group 1 received continued supplementary feeding, while those in Control Group 1 did not. By comparing weight changes over time in all four groups of female yaks and calves from Test Group 1/Control Group 1, along with reproductive rates of the four female yak groups, this research investigated the effects of supplementary feeding on maternal yak weight and reproductive performance. Results showed that Test Group 1 yaks exhibited significant weight gain after June, whereas Control Group 1 yaks demonstrated substantial weight fluctuations with insufficient summer weight recovery. Calves from Test Group 1 showed significantly higher birth weights and growth rates compared to Control Group 1. The second-year reproductive rate reached 93.33% in Test Group 1, while Control Group 1 had only 40% pregnancy rate. Test Group 2 yaks displayed continuous weight gain from March to August, though with no significant difference compared to Control Group 2. Both Test Group 2 and Control Group 2 achieved 100% reproductive rates in the second year. In conclusion, supplementary feeding facilitates rapid postpartum weight recovery and reproductive rate restoration in female yaks, while also promoting growth in their offspring.