14 种中草药提取残留物的营养特征及其在育肥牛瘤胃中的降解特性

Nutritional Characteristics of Residues from 14 Chinese Herbal Extracts and Their Degradation Properties in the Rumen of Fattening Cattle

中文关键词: 中草药提取残留物  营养成分  育肥牛  瘤胃降解特性

英文关键词: herbal extract residues  nutrients  fattening cattle  rumen degradation properties

中文摘要:

      研究中草药提取残留物的营养价值及其在成年空怀期母牛瘤胃中的降解特性，为中草药提取残留物在肉牛生产中的科学利用提供理论依据。用尼龙袋法测定 14 种中草药提取残留物在不同时间点的干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的降解率。结果表明，桃仁提取残留物中 DM、CP 和粗脂肪（EE）含量均较高，分别达到 99.19%、26.60% 和 61.61%；茯苓提取残留物中无氢浸出物（NFE）、NDF 和 ADF 含量均显著（P≤0.05）高于其余 13 种中草药提取残留物，分别达到 94.11%、93.29% 和 73.15%；CF 含量最高的为甘草，达 37.12%。在 14 种中草药提取残留物中，桃仁提取残留物的 DM、CP、NDF 和 ADF 瘤胃降解率始终较高，且这几种养分的降解速率和有效降解率显著（P≤0.05）高于其余 13 种中草药提取残留物；茯苓提取残留物的 DM、CP、NDF 和 ADF 降解速率在反应 6~12h 较慢，之后便迅速加快，72h 其 DM、NDF 和 ADF 瘤胃降解率甚至超过桃仁提取残留物而跃居第 1；柏子仁、酸枣仁和益智提取残留物在整个降解过程（6~72h）中的 DM、CP、NDF 和 ADF 降解率及最终的有效降解率均较低，且显著低于大多数中草药提取残留物（P≤0.05）。综上可知，桃仁提取残留物营养价值和利用价值均较高，可作为育肥牛的优质饲料来源；茯苓提取残留物中 NDF 和 ADF 含量较高，可通过搭配其他营养价值较高的饲料来满足育肥牛对纤维饲料的需求。

英文摘要:

      The nutritional value of herbal extraction residues and their degradation characteristics in the rumen of non-pregnant adult cows during the dry period were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific utilization of these residues in beef cattle production. Nylon bag techniques were employed to determine the degradation rates of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of 14 herbal extraction residues at various time points. The results showed that the DM, CP, and crude fat (EE) contents of peach kernel extraction residue were relatively high, reaching 99.19%, 26.60%, and 61.61%, respectively. The non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFE), NDF, and ADF contents of Poria extraction residue were significantly( P≤0.05) higher than those of the other 13 herbal residues, with values of 94.11%, 93.29%, and 73.15%, respectively. The highest crude fiber (CF) content was found in licorice, reaching 37.12%. Among the 14 herbal extraction residues, peach kernel extraction residue consistently exhibited high degradation rates of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF in the rumen. The degradation rates and effective degradation rates of these nutrients were significantly higher (P≤0.05) than those of the other 13 herbal residues. Poria extraction residue showed a slow degradation rate of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF in the rumen between 6 and 12 hours, after which the degradation rate accelerated significantly. By 72 hours, its DM, NDF, and ADF degradation rates surpassed those of peach kernel extraction residue, ranking first. Throughout the entire degradation period (6-72h), the degradation rates of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF, as well as the final effective degradation rates, were consistently lower in the residues of cypress seed, sour jujube seed, and cardamom, and these rates were significantly lower (P≤0.05) than those of most other herbal extraction residues. In conclusion, peach kernel extraction residue has high nutritional and utilitarian value, making it an excellent feed source for fattening cattle. Poria extraction residue has high NDF and ADF content, and can be combined with other nutrient-rich feeds to fulfill the fiber requirements of fattening cattle.