娟姗牛日活动量和日反刍时间的影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Daily Activity and Daily Rumination Time of Jersey Cattle

中文关键词: 娟姗牛  日活动量  日反刍时间

英文关键词: Jersey cattle  daily activity  daily rumination time

中文摘要:

      为了探究娟姗牛日活动量和日反刍时间的影响因素，通过 SCR 智能项圈持续收集山东省某牧场 618 头娟姗牛 2024 年 1-12 月日活动量和反刍时间数据共 195116 条，采用一般线性模型（GLM）对各项数据进行统计分析，探究不同胎次、测定月份、产犊季节、泌乳月对奶牛日活动量和日反刍时间的影响。结果显示，娟姗牛日活动量平均值为 (520.43±0.12) au/d，日反刍时间平均值为 (437.90±0.25) min/d。胎次、测定月份、产犊季节、泌乳月对娟姗牛日活动量和日反刍时间均有极显著影响（P≤0.01）。娟姗牛日活动量随胎次增加而降低，日反刍时间在 4 胎时最短、≥5 胎时最长；日活动量 3 月最高，12 月最低，日反刍时间在 1-5 月逐渐上升，随后呈波动下降趋势；夏季产犊娟姗牛的日活动量和日反刍时间均最低，春季产犊日活动量最高，冬季产犊日反刍时间最长；娟姗牛日活动量随泌乳月增加而下降，泌乳 3 个月日反刍时间最长，泌乳 1 个月日反刍时间最短。日活动量和日反刍时间呈极显著正相关，相关系数为 0.012。

英文摘要:

      To investigate factors influencing daily activity levels and rumination time in Jersey cows, 195116 data points on daily activity and rumination time were continuously collected from January to December 2024 via SCR smart collars on 618 Jersey cows at a Shandong Province dairy farm. General linear models (GLM) were applied to statistically analyze the data, examining the effects of parity, measurement month, calving season, and lactation month on daily activity levels and rumination duration. Results indicated that the average daily activity level of Jersey cows was (520.43±0.12)au/d, and the average daily rumination time was (437.90±0.25)min/d. Parity, measurement month, calving season, and lactation month all highly significantly affected daily activity and rumination time in Jersey cows (P≤0.01). Daily activity decreased with parity, while daily rumination time was shortest at 4 parities and longest at ≥5 parities. Daily activity peaked in March and was lowest in December. Daily rumination time gradually increased from January to May, followed by a fluctuating decline. Summer calving Jersey cows exhibited the lowest daily activity and rumination times, spring calving cows showed the highest daily activity, and winter calving cows had the longest rumination times. Daily activity decreased with lactation month, with rumination time being longest at 3 months of lactation and shortest at 1 month of lactation. Daily activity and daily rumination time showed a highly significant positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.012.