肉牛育种核心群母牛早期指数法选择技术探析

Study on Selection Technique of Cow Early Index Method in Core Group of Beef Cattle Breeding

中文关键词: 育种核心群母牛  早期选择指数  目标性状  经济权重

英文关键词: breeding core herd of cows  early choice index  target traits  economic weight

中文摘要:

      肉牛良种选育是一个长期的过程，其选择方法历经单项选择法、独立淘汰法，逐步发展为指数法。太行云牛育种核心群母牛早期指数法选择技术参照了综合育种指数分析技术，结合母牛生产进程，及早采集体型外貌、生长发育、适应性、繁殖能力和泌乳力等相关信息，并分别给予0.1、0.3、0.15、0.3、0.15的权重进行计算分析，在3周岁时形成早期选择指数，进而按照指数值的大小对后备母牛个体进行排序，优胜劣汰，组建育种核心群。在目标性状信息的采集分析中力求全面系统，囊括了品种特征、外貌评鉴，初生重及日增重，肢蹄强健度及抗病性、耐粗性，产犊月龄、配种指数、易产性及产后发情，乳房形态及犊牛断奶重等信息。这一技术尚在试行之中，其指数构建的合理性、时效性和可行性尚需业内共同探讨，以改进措施、优化方案，尽快提升育种核心群母牛早期选择的可靠性和准确性。

英文摘要:

      Breeding of high-quality beef cattle is a long-term process. Its selection method has gone through single item selection method, independent elimination method, and gradually developed into index selection method. The selection technique of early index method for Taihang Yuncattle breeding core group cows refers to the comprehensive breeding index analysis technique, combined with the beef cattle production process, to collect relevant information such as body shape, appearance, growth and development, adaptability, reproductive ability, and lactation ability as early as possible, and give weights of 0. 1, 0. 3, 0. 15, 0. 3 and 0. 15 respectively for calculation and analysis. The early selection index is formed at the age of 3. Then, the reserve cow individuals are sorted according to the size of the index value, and the fittest are eliminated to form a breeding core group. In the collection and analysis of target trait information, we strive to be comprehensive and systematic, including variety characteristics and appearance evaluation. Birth weight and daily weight gain. Limb and hoof robustness, disease resistance, and tolerance to roughness, age of calf labor, mating index, fertility, and postpartum estrus, breast morphology and weaning weight of calves. This technology is still in trial use, and the rationality, timeliness, and feasibility of its index construction need to be jointly explored by the industry to improve measures, optimize plans, and quickly enhance the reliability and accuracy of early selection of breeding core group cows.