平凉红牛与西杂牛生产性能对比及市场分析

Comparison of Production Performance and Market Analysis between Pingliang Red Cattle and Simmental Hybrid Cattle

中文关键词: 平凉红牛  西门塔尔杂交牛  生产屠宰性能  调查研究  发展前景分析

英文关键词: Pingliang red cattle  Simmental hybrid cattle  production slaughter performance  investigation and research  analysis of development prospect

中文摘要:

      为深入了解平凉红牛与西门塔尔杂交牛的屠宰性能、养殖效益及对其的养殖意愿和发展前景，助推平凉红牛产业高质量发展，本研究通过现场调查询问、查看档案记录、平台数据统计、文献资料查阅等方式，对平凉市20家养殖场（户）、10个贩运户和5家肉牛屠宰企业近3年的生产经营数据进行了调查统计，并结合前期研究结果，对平凉红牛与西门塔尔杂交牛的调查数据进行了对比分析。结果表明，相较于平凉红牛，西门塔尔杂交牛养殖周期短、出栏体重大、眼肌面积大，养殖者的养殖意愿较为稳定，养殖利润较高，但其养殖利润受市场价格波动影响较大，适合作为常规牛种饲养；平凉红牛养殖周期较长、出栏体重小，但是其屠宰率、出肉率、大理石花纹评级等优于西门塔尔杂交牛，养殖者养殖意愿逐步增强，养殖利润受市场价格波动影响较小，可作为高档肉牛类群进一步培育壮大，发展前景广阔。

英文摘要:

      To gain an in-depth understanding of the slaughter performance, breeding benefits, and breeding willingness and development prospects of Pingliang Red Cattle and Simmental crossbred cattle, and to promote the high-quality development of the Pingliang Red Cattle industry, this study conducted a statistical investigation on the production and operation data of 20 breeding farms (households), 10 dealers, and 5 beef cattle slaughtering enterprises in Pingliang City over the past three years through on-site survey inquiries, archive record reviews, platform data statistics, and literature reviews. Combined with previous results, a comparative analysis was performed on the survey data of Pingliang Red Cattle and Simmental crossbred cattle. The results indicated that Simmental crossbred cattle have a shorter breeding cycle, heavier market weight, and larger eye muscle area compared to Pingliang Red Cattle. Breeders exhibited more stable breeding intentions and higher breeding profits. However, their breeding profits were significantly affected by market price fluctuations, making them suitable as conventional cattle breeds for rearing. Pingliang Red Cattle had a longer breeding cycle and lighter market weight, but their slaughter rate, meat yield, and marbling score were superior to those of Simmental crossbred cattle. The willingness of breeders to raise Pingliang Red Cattle were gradually increasing, and their breeding profits were less affected by market price fluctuations. They could be further cultivated and expanded as a high-end beef cattle group, with broad development prospects.