家养动物空间基因组学研究进展

Advances in spatial genomics of domesticated animals

中文关键词: 家养动物  空间基因组学  三维基因组构象  Hi-C技术  遗传改良

英文关键词: Domestic animals  Spatial genomics  Three-dimensional genome conformation  Hi-C technology  Genetic improvement

中文摘要:

      本文介绍了空间基因组学的基本概念及其在家养动物研究中的应用价值，简述了染色体构象捕获技术（Chromosome Conformation Capture，3C）、高通量染色体构象捕获技术（High-throughput Chromosome Conformation Capture，Hi-C）、荧光原位杂交（Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization，FISH）、超分辨成像和原位测序等技术的研究原理及其进展，回顾了这些技术在揭示基因组三维构象与基因调控、细胞代谢及疾病机制中的作用。分析了空间基因组学在家养动物（如牛、羊、猪、鸡）中的具体应用，例如Hi-C技术解析牛肌肉发育的染色质动态重组，以及FISH技术助力猪胚胎发育的空间基因组重编程研究。指出尽管数据处理复杂和技术要求高，空间基因组学仍为家畜遗传改良和疾病治疗提供了全新视角，提出未来可通过提升技术分辨率和降低成本，进一步拓展其在家畜育种中的应用。分析表明，空间基因组学不仅深化了对家养动物遗传机制的理解，还为高产、抗病品种选育提供了新策略。

英文摘要:

      In this paper, the basic concepts of spatial genomics and its application value in domestic animal research were introduced, and Chromosome Conformation Capture (Chromosome Conformation Capture) was briefly described. 3C), High-throughput Chromosome Conformation Capture (Hi-C), Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, The research principle and progress of FISH, super-resolution imaging and in situ sequencing are reviewed. The role of these technologies in revealing the three-dimensional conformation of the genome and gene regulation, cell metabolism and disease mechanisms are reviewed. The specific applications of spatial genomics in domestic animals (such as cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens) were analyzed, such as Hi-C technology to analyze the chromatin dynamic recombination of bovine muscle development, and FISH technology to help the spatial genome reprogramming of pig embryo development. It is pointed out that despite the complexity of data processing and high technical requirements, spatial genomics still provides a new perspective for genetic improvement and disease treatment of livestock. It is suggested that its application in livestock breeding can be further expanded by improving technical resolution and reducing cost in the future. The analysis shows that spatial genomics not only deepens the understanding of the genetic mechanism of domestic animals, but also provides a new strategy for the breeding of high-yield and disease-resistant varieties.