中国黄牛驯化与扩散的古DNA研究进展

Research Progress of Ancient DNA on the Domestication and Dispersion of Chinese Yellow Cattle

中文关键词: 古DNA  黄牛  驯化  扩散  基因交流

英文关键词: ancient DNA  cattle  domestication  dispersal  gene exchange

中文摘要:

      近年来，古DNA技术快速发展，其获得的古老基因组数据极大地提高了人们对家畜的地理驯化中心、驯化时间和迁徙扩散模式的认识，并为过去选择和管理家畜的方式提供了新的见解。为深入探讨中国黄牛的起源、驯化、扩散路径及遗传适应机制，文章系统梳理了中国黄牛的古基因组学研究进展，整合现有数据，重建了其驯化时间线及种群扩散模式。研究表明，古DNA技术揭示中国黄牛为外源引入，其驯化过程伴随多次基因交流事件。这些发现为我国黄牛遗传资源保护提供了分子依据。未来研究应着重填补关键演化节点的数据空白并加强跨学科合作，以全面解析中国黄牛的驯化历史。

英文摘要:

      In recent years,ancient DNA technology has developed rapidly.The ancient genomic data obtained by this technology has significantly enhanced human understanding of the geographical domestication centers,domestication time,and migration and diffusion patterns of livestock.It has also provided new insights into the ways of selecting and managing livestock in the past.To deeply explore the origin,domestication,diffusion routes,and genetic adaptation mechanisms of Chinese yellow cattle,this paper systematically reviews the research progress of ancient genomics of Chinese yellow cattle,integrates existing data,and reconstructs its domestication timeline and population diffusion pattern.The research shows that ancient DNA technology reveals that Chinese yellow cattle were introduced from outside sources,and their domestication process was accompanied by multiple genetic exchange events.These findings provide a molecular basis for the protection of the genetic resources of yellow cattle in our country.Future research should focus on filling the data gaps at key evolutionary nodes and strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation,so as to comprehensively analyze the domestication history of Chinese yellow cattle.