娟姗牛与中国荷斯坦牛乳房性状相关性比较及影响因素分析

Comparison of the Correlation of Udder Traits between Jersey Cattle and Chinese Holstein Cattle and Analysis of Influencing Factors

中文关键词: 中国荷斯坦牛  娟姗牛  乳房性状  影响因素  相关性

英文关键词: Chinese Holstein cattle  Jersey cattle  breast traits  influencing factors  correlation

中文摘要:

      分析娟姗牛与中国荷斯坦牛乳房性状的影响因素，并比较二者乳房性状的差异，为娟姗牛与中国荷斯坦牛遗传进展和后续乳房性状的深入研究奠定基础。本试验参考中国荷斯坦牛体型鉴定技术规程，采集1 476头娟姗牛和1 488头中国荷斯坦牛的乳房性状数据，分析不同胎次、产犊季节、泌乳阶段和出生年度对娟姗牛乳房性状的影响，以及不同场地、测定年龄对中国荷斯坦牛乳房性状的影响，同时分析了娟姗牛和中国荷斯坦牛各乳房性状间的相关性差异。结果表明，随着胎次的增加，娟姗牛乳房性状整体发育水平上升；冬季产犊娟姗牛后乳房附着高与后乳房附着宽测定值显著高于夏秋两季(P＜0.05)，乳房整体发育水平更高；娟姗牛乳房性状发育水平由泌乳阶段1—4呈上升趋势； 2019年出生的娟姗牛后乳房附着高、后乳房附着宽和前乳头长度等性状测定值显著高于2018和2020年(P＜0.05)，可知年龄达4岁左右的娟姗牛乳房性状发育较好。场地2中中国荷斯坦牛乳房性状评分与理想分数最接近；测定年龄大于4岁的中国荷斯坦牛乳房性状整体发育程度更好。在娟姗牛与中国荷斯坦牛中，乳房深度与前、后乳头位置，后乳房附着高与后乳房附着宽等性状均呈正相关(P＜0.01)；前乳房附着与前乳头位置等性状在娟姗牛中呈正相关(P＜0.01)，而在中国荷斯坦牛中无相关性(P＞0.05)；前乳头长度与后乳房附着高在娟姗牛中呈正相关(P＜0.01)，而在中国荷斯坦牛中呈负相关(P＜0.01)。综上可知，胎次、产犊季节、泌乳阶段和出生年度等因素对娟姗牛乳房性状有显著影响，场地和测定年龄等因素对中国荷斯坦牛乳房性状有显著影响，而娟姗牛与中国荷斯坦牛乳房性状间的相关性存在差异。

英文摘要:

      This paper analyzes the influencing factors of udder traits between Jersey cattle and Chinese Holstein cattle,and compares the differences between Jersey cattle and Chinese Holstein cattle udder traits,so as to lay a foundation for the genetic progress of Jersey cattle and Chinese Holstein cattle and the subsequent in depth study of udder traits.In this study,the udder traits of 1 476 Jersey cattle and 1 488 Chinese Holstein cattle were collected with reference to the technical regulations for the identification of body shape of Chinese Holstein cattle,and the effects of different parity,calving season,lactation stage and birth year on the udder traits of Jersey cattle were analyzed,as well as the effects of different sites and ages on the udder traits of Chinese Holstein cattle,and the correlation differences between the udder traits of Jersey cattle and Chinese Holstein cattle were analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of parity,the overall development level of udder traits of Jersey cattle increased.The measured values of high attachment and width of hind udder attachment in winter calving Jersey cattle were significantly higher than those in summer and autumn (P<0.05),and the overall udder development level was higher.The development level of udder traits in Jersey cattle showed an upward trend from lactation stage 1 to 4.The mea sured values of high hind udder attachment,wide rear udder attachment and anterior teat length were significantly higher in Jersey cattle born in 2019 than in 2018 and 2020 (P<0.05),indicating that Jersey cows aged about 4 years old had better udder traits.The udder trait score of Chinese Holstein cattle in the field 2 was the closest to the ideal score.It was determined that the overall development of udder traits in Chinese Holstein cattle older than 4 years was better.In Jersey cattle and Chinese Holstein cattle,udder depth was positively correlated with anterior and posterior nipple position,high posterior udder attachment and hind udder attachment width (P<0.01).There was a positive correlation between foreudder attachment and foretead position in Jersey cattle (P<0.01),but no correlation in Chinese Holstein cattle (P>0.05).There was a positive correlation between anterior teat length and hind udder attachment height in Jersey cattle (P<0.01),but a negative correlation in Chinese Holstein cattle (P<0.01).In summary,parity,calving season,lactation stage and birth year had a significant impact on udder traits of Jersey cattle,and factors such as site and age determination had significant effects on udder traits of Chinese Holstein cattle,while there were differences in the correlation between udder traits of Jersey cattle and Chinese Holstein cattle.