云南会泽草原主要杂害草调研及其防控对策

Investigation,Prevention and Control on the Main Harmful Weeds in Huize County,Yunna

中文关键词: 云南会泽  放牧草场  杂害草分布  利用现状  防控对策

英文关键词: Huize,Yunnan  grazing grassland  distribution of miscellaneous weeds  utilizing the current situation  prevention and control measures

中文摘要:

      为深入了解云南省会泽县天然草原主要杂害草的分布状况，在整理分析2013—2022年共135个样地405个样方草原生态监测数据的基础上，采用实地普查、布样详查等方法，对田坝、火红等10个乡镇（街道）所辖牧场的主要杂害草及其种类、生境、生物量、饲用价值等属性进行了较为详细的调查。结果表明，会泽县天然草原杂害草数量及危害程度从南向北逐渐减小；海拔1 800 m以下地区的杂害草以紫茎泽兰为主，2 000～2 700 m地区的主要杂害草为蕨类植物，3 000 m以上地区则以血满草为主；海拔2 200～2 500 m区域内的杂害草少，牧草长势相对较好，饲草产量相对较高，优质牧草占比在70%左右。最后针对牧场存在的共性问题，提出及时间伐树木、加强草地维护、开展人工除杂等5条防控措施。

英文摘要:

      In order to gain a deeper understanding of the distribution of the main harmful weeds in the natural grasslands of Huize County,Yunnan Province,based on the analysis of grassland ecological monitoring data from 135 sample plots and 405 samples from 2013 to 2022,a detailed survey was conducted on the main weeds and their types,habitats,biomass,feeding value,and other attributes in 10 townships (streets) including Tianba and Huohong under the jurisdiction using methods such as field surveys and detailed sample surveys.The results showed that the number and damage degree of weeds gradually decreased from south to north on the natural grassland of Huize County.The main invasive weed in areas below 1 800 m above sea level is Ageratina adenophora,while that in areas between 2 000 m and 2 700 m above sea level is pteridophyte,and that in areas above 3 000 m above sea level is Sambucus adnata.In the area with an altitude of 2 200—2 500 m,there are few miscellaneous weeds,the growth of forage grass is relatively good,the yield of forage grass is relatively high,and the proportion of high quality forage grass is about 70%.Finally,five prevention and control measures are proposed to address the common problems in pastures,including timely tree cutting,strengthening grassland maintenance,and carrying out manual impurity removal.