西门塔尔牛产奶量及奶品质分析

Analysis of Milk Yield and Quality in Simmental Dairy Cows

中文关键词: 西门塔尔奶牛  产奶量  乳蛋白率  乳脂率  体细胞数

英文关键词: Simmental cows  milk yield  milk protein rate  milk fat rate  somatic cell count

中文摘要:

      西门塔尔牛奶具有乳蛋白和乳脂含量高的优点，未来可作为原料奶用以加工高端品牌的乳制品。本研究对西门塔尔奶牛一年四季的日产奶量和奶品质进行了分析，结果显示，一季度至四季度日产奶量呈现出先降低后增高的变化趋势，三季度的日产奶量为(14.85±1.45) kg/头，显著低于一、二、四季度的日产奶量（P<0.05）；牛奶乳蛋白率呈现出先降低后增高的趋势，三季度乳蛋白率为(3.3±0.065)%，显著低于一、二、四季度的乳蛋白率（P<0.05）；牛奶乳脂率随季节变化也呈现出先下降后增高的趋势，三季度乳脂率为(3.89±0.097)%，显著低于一、二、四季度的乳脂率；牛奶体细胞数在第三季度最高，达到(23.51±3.59)×104/mL，与一、二、四季度的牛奶体细胞数具有显著差异（P<0.05）。上述对西门塔尔奶牛在4个季度产奶性能的分析结果，为今后牧场科学养殖西门塔尔奶牛、减轻热应激反应提供了依据。

英文摘要:

      Simmental milk has the advantages of high milk protein and milk fat content,which can be used as raw milk for processing high end dairy products in the future.At present,there are few research reports on Simmental milk.This paper mainly analyzes the milk yield and milk quality of Simmental cows throughout the year.The research results are as follows:from the first quarter to the fourth quarter,the milk yield decreases first and then increases,and the milk yield in the third quarter is (14.85±1.45) kg/d.It was significantly lower than the milk yield in the first,second and fourth quarters (P<0.05).The milk protein rate of Simmental milk decreased first and then increased,and the milk protein rate in the third quarter was (3.3±0.065)%,which was significantly lower than that in the first,second and fourth quarters (P<0.05).The milk fat percentage of Simmental milk decreased first and then increased throughout the year.The milk fat percentage of Simmental milk in the third quarter was (3.89±0.097)%,which was significantly lower than that in the first,second and fourth quarters.The somatic cell count of Simmental milk was the highest in the third quarter,and the SCC of the third quarter was (23.51±3.59)×104/mL,which was significantly different from the somatic cell count of the first,second and fourth quarters (P<0.05).Through the analysis of milk performance data across the four quarters,it provides certain data support for the future scientific breeding Simmental dairy cows in the pasture,alleviating heat stress reactions,and has certain research significance for the development of China’s high end dairy industry.