添加复合益生菌对不同品种育肥牛生长性能、肠道菌群及血清生化指标影响

The effect of adding composite probiotics on the growth performance, gut microbiota, and serum biochemical indicators of different breeds of fattening cattle

中文关键词: 不同组合育肥牛  复合益生菌  生长性能  肠道菌群  血清生化指标

英文关键词: Fattening cattle with different combinations  Composite probiotics  Growth properties  Intestinal flora  Serum biochemical indicators

中文摘要:

      本试验选取12 头，分为3组，A组（安格斯♂×哈萨克母牛♀）、B组（荷斯坦公牛♂×哈萨克母牛♀）、C组（西门塔尔牛♂×哈萨克母牛♀），每组4头，不同品种育肥牛体重468.38±38.46kg，。正饲期日粮中添加复合益生菌制剂（CPP）后，对各组牛生长性能、肠道菌群、血清生化指标及经济效益分析效果。正饲期第0 d、第75 d进行称重，不同组间日增重来看，试验A组与C组相比较效果显著（p<0.05），与试验B组增重差异极显著（P<0.01），试验B组与C组差异不显著（p>0.05）；试验C组增重成本最低，试验A组毛利润最高，可获得最大经济收益。正饲期0d、75d分别采集粪样，分析肠道菌群丰度变化，结果显示，3组间厚壁菌门（Fimicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidata）、螺旋菌门（Spriochaeteriota）、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）差异不显著（P>0.05）;髌骨细菌门（Patescibacteria）,试验A组与B组差异显著（p=0.025）。正饲期饲喂CPP前后菌群丰度变化为，试验A组髌骨细菌门前后差异极其显著（p=0.003）；拟杆菌门检测，试验B组、试验C组差异均显著(p>0.01）。结果表明，添加CPP后，有益菌比例明显增加，调节菌群结构，提高肉牛育肥效果。血液生化指标显示，3组牛血液生化检测谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酐（CREA）、尿素氮（BUN）差异均不显著（P>0.05），说明饲喂基础日粮+CPP对各组牛的肝肾功能影响差异不明显。试验B组总蛋白（TP）含量明显高于A组且差异显著（P<0.05），试验B组三酰甘油（TG）含量与A组、C组相比较差异显著（P<0.05），A组与C组相比较差异不显著（p>0.05）；表明荷哈F1合成蛋白能力、脂类物质吸收能力较强。

英文摘要:

      This experiment selected 12 individuals and divided them into 3 groups, Group A (Angus) ♂ X Kazakh cow ♀）、 Group B (Holstein Bulls) ♂ X Kazakh cow ♀）、 Group C (Simmental Cattle) ♂ X Kazakh cow ♀）， Each group consists of 4 cows, with a weight of 468.38 ± 38.46kg for different breeds of fattening cattle,. The effect of adding compound probiotic preparations (CPP) to the feed during the regular feeding period on the growth performance, gut microbiota, serum biochemical indicators, and economic benefits of each group of cattle. Weighing was conducted on the 0th and 75th day of the regular feeding period. In terms of daily weight gain between different groups, the experimental group A showed a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to group C, and a highly significant difference (P<0.01) in weight gain compared to group B. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between group B and group C; Experiment C has the lowest weight gain cost, while Experiment A has the highest gross profit and can achieve the maximum economic benefits. Fecal samples were collected at 0d and 75d during the normal feeding period to analyze changes in gut microbiota abundance. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in Firmicutes, Bacteroidata, Spriochaeteota, and Actinobacteria among the three groups; There was a significant difference (p=0.025) in Patescibacteria between experimental group A and group B. The changes in bacterial abundance before and after feeding CPP during the main feeding period were as follows: the difference in patellar bacterial phylum between the experimental group A and the control group was extremely significant (p=0.003); The detection of Bacteroidetes showed significant differences (p>0.01) between Group B and Group C. The results showed that the addition of CPP significantly increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria, regulated the microbial community structure, and improved the fattening effect of beef cattle. Blood biochemical indicators showed that there were no significant differences in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (CREA), and urea nitrogen (BUN) among the three groups of cattle (P>0.05), indicating that feeding basal diet+CPP had no significant effect on the liver and kidney function of each group of cattle. The total protein (TP) content in experimental group B was significantly higher than that in group A and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The triglyceride (TG) content in experimental group B was significantly different from that in groups A and C (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between group A and C (p>0.05); This indicates that Heha F1 has strong protein synthesis ability and lipid absorption ability.