牛粪有氧生物发酵及主要影响因素试验研究

study on aerobic biological fermentation of cattle manure and its main influencing factors

中文关键词: 牛粪  堆垛  环境温度  生物发酵

英文关键词: Cattle manure  Stacking  Ambient temperature  Biological fermentation

中文摘要:

      测定不同方式牛粪有氧生物发酵的发酵效果，分析主要影响因素。结果：平均环境温度>16℃时，试验Ⅰ组的发酵升温速度最快，发酵温度极显著（P<0.01）或显著（P<0.05）高于其他各组，发酵高温维持时间最长（50℃以上9d、60℃以上7d）；试验Ⅱ组的发酵升温速度次之，发酵温度极显著（P<0.01）或显著（P<0.05）高于试验Ⅲ组和对照组，发酵高温维持时间（50℃以上8d）大于试验Ⅲ组（50℃以上3d）和对照组（<30℃）。平均环境温度≤10℃时，各组升温速度及发酵温度差异均不显著（P>0.05）。结论：动态方式效果最优，静态方式次之，自然堆肥最差。添加有机物料腐熟剂能加快生物发酵效能，环境温度、供氧、含水率为牛粪堆肥生物发酵的重要影响因素。“水分调节预处理+堆垛静态自然通风”比自然堆肥能显著加快牛粪升温速度并维持较长时间的高温发酵。

英文摘要:

      Measured the fermentation effects of different methods of aerobic biological fermentation of cattle manure and analyzed the main influencing factors. Results: When the average ambient temperature was above 16℃, the rate of temperature increase was the fastest, the fermentation temperature was extremely (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in other groups, and the fermentation high temperature maintenance time was the longest (9 days above 50℃ and 7 days above 60℃) in test group Ⅰ. The rate of temperature increase was the second, the fermentation temperature of test group Ⅱwas significantly higher (P<0.01) or significantly (P<0.05) than that of test group Ⅲ and control group, and the fermentation high temperature maintenance time (8 days above 50℃) was longer than that of test group Ⅲ (3 days above 50℃) and control group (<30℃). When the average ambient temperature was less than 10℃, there were no significant differences in rate of temperature increase and fermentation temperature among all groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Dynamic method is the best, static method is the second, natural composting is the worst of the ferment effect. Adding organic material decomposing agent can accelerate the biological fermentation efficiency, and the environmental temperature, oxygen supply and water content are the important factors affecting the biological fermentation of cattle manure compost. Compared with natural composting, "water conditioning pretreatment + statically natural ventilation" can significantly accelerate the rate of temperature increase of cattle manure and maintain a longer time of high temperature fermentation.