短角牛无角及红毛性状提纯选育初报

Preliminary Report on the Purification and Breeding of Hornless and Red Coat Traits in Shorthorn

中文关键词: 短角牛  角  毛色  提纯选育

英文关键词: Shorthorn  Horn  Coat color  Purification breeding

中文摘要:

      [ 目的 ]利用短角牛群体中部分个体表现出被毛纯红、无角的表型特征,选留红毛且无角的优秀公母牛进行繁殖育种以达到无角红毛性状提纯选育的目的。[ 方法 ]制定无角红毛短角牛体型外貌鉴定标准,在繁殖群体中清除不符合育种目标的种牛,根据体型外貌鉴定结果并结合其它繁育生产指标选留更新牛；更新牛必须无角(角评价10分)、被毛红色或纯红(毛色评价7～10分)。[ 结果 ]通过5年的选育,繁殖群体全部表现为无角红毛性状特征；在繁殖后代中,无角牛占比由2020年的75.33%提高到2024年的94.24%,符合毛色育种目标的红色及纯红牛占比由2020年的40.67%提高到2024年的89.21%。[ 结论 ]短角牛无角红毛性状的提纯选育成效显著,已将有角和无角、红毛和花毛混杂的群体提纯选育为整齐一致的无角红毛种群,形成了具有云南高原特色的短角牛新品系。

英文摘要:

      [ Objective ] Taking advantage of the phenotypic characteristics of some cattle in the shorthorn population showing pure red coat and no horns, the excellent male and female cattle with red coat and no horns were selected for breeding in order to achieve the purpose of purifying and breeding the hornless and red traits. [ Methods ] The body appearance identification standard of hornless red shorthorn was established, and the breeding cattle that did not meet the breeding objectives were eliminated in the breeding population. According to the results of body appearance identification and other breeding production indicators, the replacement cattle were selected. Replacement cattle must be hornless (10 points for horn evaluation), coat red or pure red (7~10 points for coat color evaluation). [ Results ] Through 5 years of breeding, all the breeding populations showed the characteristics of hornless red coat. In the breeding offspring, the proportion of hornless cattle increased from 75.33 % in 2020 to 94.24 % in 2024, and the proportion of red and pure red cattle that met the breeding goal of coat color increased from 40.67 % in 2020 to 89.21 % in 2024. [ Conclusions ] The purification and breeding of hornless and red coat traits of shorthorn has achieved remarkable results. The populations of horned and hornless, red and piebald mixed have been purified into a uniform hornless red population, forming a new strain of shorthorn with the characteristics of Yunnan plateau.