新疆褐牛分子生物学和组学研究进展

Progress in Molecular Biology and Omics Studies of Xinjiang Brown Cattle

中文关键词: 新疆褐牛  PCR  基因组  转录组  蛋白质组  代谢组  宏基因组  DNA甲基化

英文关键词: Xinjiang brown cattle  PCR  Genome  Transcriptome  Proteome  Metabolome  Metagenome  DNA methylation

中文摘要:

      【目的】回顾与总结近十年新疆褐牛研究应用分子生物学技术和组学技术在遗传,育种,产品品质,消化道微生物和疾病方面的研究现状及进展,为新疆褐牛持续深入的研究提供参考。【方法】检索美国国立医学图书馆(NCBI PUBMED)数据库和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中与新疆褐牛研究相关的文献, 收集到SCI文献28篇和中文文献22篇,共汇总分析50篇文献。【结果】分子生物学研究的新疆褐牛经济性状基因包括：生长性状6个基因,肉质性状7个基因,泌乳性状10个基因,抗病性状4个基因。组学(基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学,宏基因组学和DNA甲基化)研究了新疆褐牛的遗传进化,基因组选择育种,经济性状候选基因,消化道微生物组成和功能,抗乳房炎和抗呼吸道疾病的分子机理。【结论】新疆褐牛研究已进入组学时代,但相较于国内其他牛种起步较晚,文献数量较少,可借鉴和研究的空间比较大。应加强与内地省份科研院所的联合攻关,积极加入国内外有关牛组学的大型研究计划,利用其中的大数据资源和新算法或模型,深入挖掘新疆褐牛的遗传潜力和经济价值,加快科研成果转化,培育新疆褐牛新品系,在种业振兴方面做出应有的贡献。

英文摘要:

      【Objective】To review and summarise the current status and progress of Xinjiang brown cattle research in genetics, breeding, product quality, gastrointestinal microbiology and disease by applying molecular biology and omics techniques in the past decade, and to provide reference for the continuous and in-depth research on Xinjiang brown cattle. 【Methods】We searched the National Library of Medicine (NCBI PUBMED) and China Knowledge Network (CNKI) databases for the literature related to the study of Xinjiang brown cattle, and collected 28 SCI articles and 22 Chinese articles, and analysed a total of 50 articles. 【Result】The genes for economic traits of Xinjiang brown cattle studied by molecular biology included 6 genes for growth traits, 7 genes for meat quality traits, 10 genes for milk production traits and 4 genes for disease resistance traits. omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, macro-genomics and DNA methylation) studied the genetic evolution of Xinjiang brown cattle, genomic selection for breeding, candidate genes for economic traits, microbial composition and function of the digestive tract, and molecular mechanisms of resistance to mastitis and respiratory diseases.【Conclusion】The study of Xinjiang brown cattle has entered the era of histology, but compared with other cattle breeds in China, the start is late and the number of literature is relatively small, so there is more room for reference and research. We should strengthen the joint research with scientific research institutes in mainland provinces, actively join the large-scale research programmes on bovine omics at home and abroad, make use of the big data resources and new algorithms or models therein, deeply explore the genetic potential and economic value of Xinjiang brown cattle, accelerate the transformation of scientific research results, cultivate new strains of Xinjiang brown cattle, and make our due contribution in the revitalization of the seed industry.