四川省凉山州畜禽种质资源保护与利用现状及对策

Protection and utilization of livestock and poultry germplasm resources and countermeasures in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province

中文关键词: 畜禽 种质资源 保护 利用

英文关键词: Livestock and poultry Germplasm resources Protection Utilize

中文摘要:

      [目的]探索凉山州畜禽种质资源可持续发展的路径和方法。[方法]本研究采用查阅文献、进村考察、入户交流、座谈访谈等方法，从凉山地方畜禽品种存栏、种群分布、生产性能特点、饲养方式、保护和改良选育等方面，对凉山州特有地方品种如何发展进行研讨。[结果]通过广泛扎实的调查研究，发现凉山现有的15个地方畜禽品种中德昌水牛、金阳丝毛鸡、钢鹅、会理驴存栏数量逐年减少，处于濒临灭绝的状态；当地对畜禽品种保护意识不强，保护和利用缺乏系统规化和缺乏种业核心技术；对畜禽品种的优良特性发掘和产品开发力度存在不足等问题制约了地方优质畜禽品种健康持续发展。[结论]应充分利用现有政策和项目引导作用，规范保种体系；完善品种产业链条，开发生产地方特色产品；加强科技创新支撑作用，培育畜禽新品种和配套系；打造一二三产业融合发展模式，推动农业与各产业“多元渗透”。

英文摘要:

      [Objective] To explore the path and method of sustainable development of livestock and poultry germplasm resources in Liangshan Prefecture.[Methods] In this study, literature review, village visits, household exchanges, interviews and other methods were used to discuss the development of local breeds in Liangshan from the aspects of stock, population distribution, production performance characteristics, feeding methods, protection, improvement and breeding.[Results] Through extensive and rigorous investigation, it was discovered that the quantity of Dechang buffalo, Jinyang silk-wool chicken, steel goose, and Huili donkey among the existing 15 local livestock breeds in Liangshan is decreasing year by year and is in an endangered state. The local awareness regarding the protection of livestock and poultry species is not robust. The protection and utilization lack systematic planning and core seed industry technology. Issues such as the absence of outstanding characteristics of livestock and poultry breeds and the deficiency in product development have restricted the healthy and sustainable development of local high-quality livestock and poultry breeds.[Conclusion] We should fully leverage existing policies and projects to guide and standardize the breeding system. Enhance the variety industrial chain, develop and produce local characteristic products; Reinforce the supporting role of scientific and technological innovation, cultivate new breeds of livestock and poultry and supporting lines; Build a model of integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and facilitate the "multiple penetration" of agriculture and various industries.