牦牛病毒性腹泻病研究进展

Research progress of Bovine viral diarrhea in yak

中文关键词: 牦牛  病毒性腹泻病  流行病学  实验室诊断  综合防治

英文关键词: yak  Bovine viral diarrhea  epidemiology  laboratory diagnosis  integrated control

中文摘要:

      牦牛感染牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)后常发生胃肠炎等消化系统疾患和呼吸系统疾患、繁殖障碍,造成机体损伤,给牦牛产业发展造成一定影响。基于5"-UTR的差异将BVDV分为BVDV-I和BVDV-II两种基因型,牦牛源BVDV的主要基因型为BVDV-1型；根据BVDV对宿主细胞的致病性,分为致细胞病变型(Cy-topathogenic,CP)和非致细胞病变型(Non-cytopathogenic,NCP)两个生物型,牦牛源BVDV既有CP型又有NCP型,且这两种生物型能相互转化。牦牛生活的高原地区风、鸟类的迁徙等因素可能都会导致牦牛BVD传播范围广泛,牛群中大量的BVDV携带者和牦牛特殊而又复杂的生态系统导致了BVDV种间传播的巨大潜力,影响着牦牛产业的健康发展和养殖经济收益。针对本病在牦牛群中的感染流行等情况未发现相关详细的研究报道,笔者就牦牛BVD病原学、流行病学调查、实验室诊断、综合防治等方面研究进展情况进行整理,供同仁在研究和防控中参考借鉴。

英文摘要:

      Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) often causes digestive system diseases, respiratory system diseases and reproductive disorders in yaks, resulting in injuries to the body and affecting the development of the yak industry. BVDV was divided into BVDV-i and BVDV-ii genotypes based on the difference of 5"-UTR, and the main genotype of yak-derived BVDV was BVDV-1. According to the pathogenicity of BVDV to the host cells, they were divided into Cy-topathogenic (CP) and Non-cytopathogenic (NCP) biotypes. Yak-derived BVDV had both CP and NCP biotypes, and the two biotypes could transform each other. Factors such as wind and bird migration in the Highlands where yaks live may cause the spread of BVD to be widespread, a large number of BVDV carriers in cattle and the special and complex ecosystem of yaks lead to the great potential of BVDV interspecific transmission, which affects the healthy development of the yak industry and the economic benefits of breeding. In view of the infection and epidemic of this disease in yak herds, no relevant and detailed research report has been found, in this paper, the etiology, epidemiological investigation, laboratory diagnosis and integrated control of Yak BVD were summarized, which can be used for reference in the research and control of Yak BVD.