不同培育方式对西门塔尔犊牛生长发育性能的影响

Effects of Different Feeding Patterns on Growth and Development Performances in Simmental Calves

中文关键词: 西门塔尔牛  犊牛  培育方式  生长发育性能

英文关键词: Simmental  calf  feeding methods  growth and development performances

中文摘要:

      【目的】探讨不同犊牛培育方式对犊牛生长发育性能的影响。【方法】根据2018～2021年的犊牛培育方法及生长发育性能,以西门塔尔牛为研究对象比较四组的培育效果,试验I组采用带犊母牛白天放牧,其余时间随母哺乳；试验II组采用白天放牧+早补饲,其余时间随母哺乳；试验III组(传统组)采用带犊母牛全天舍饲,犊牛全天自由哺乳；试验IV组采用母牛舍饲,定时自然哺乳方式(按月龄限制哺乳次数)和犊牛岛内补饲。补饲组采用犊牛7日龄开始补饲,然后比较各组间0～4月龄(4月龄断奶)、4～6月龄犊牛的生长发育性能。【结果】结果表明：西门塔尔牛公、母犊初生重分别为45 kg和41 kg,四种培育方式对犊牛初生重影响不大；而试验IV组采用母牛舍饲,定时哺乳方式提高犊牛日增重明显,生长发育性能表现最好,料重比最低,4月龄断奶和6月龄体重都最高,公、母犊体重分别达217.19±52.27 kg和191.50±14.62 kg、296.11±26.51 kg和259.11±24.92 kg。3～4月龄采取过渡性断奶,定时哺乳和犊牛岛内补饲可提高犊牛成活率,减少断奶应激,促进犊牛生长发育,提高了种牛的供种水平。【结论】母牛舍饲,分月龄犊牛岛补饲,按月龄限制犊牛哺乳次数和时间方式培育犊牛的方法较好,促进犊牛生长最快,料重比最低。

英文摘要:

      [Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different feeding methods on the growth and development performances in Simmental calves. [Methods] According to the feeding methods and growth and development performance of Simmental calves from 2018 to 2021 to compare the feeding effects of the four groups: Group I, lactating cows were grazing in the daytime and nursing in the rest of the time; Group II, lactating cows were grazing in the daytime + early supplementary feeding to calve, and nursing in the rest of the time; Group III (traditional way), lactating cows were feeding in houses all day, and nursing freely all day; Group IV, lactating cows were feeding in houses, regular nursing (the number of lactations was limited according to the month age) and feeding calves in the calf hutch. For the supplemental feeding groups, calves were fed on day 7, and then the growth and development performances of 0～4 months calves (weaned at 4 months) and 4～6 months calves were compared each other. [Results] The results showed that both male and female birth weights of Simmental calves were 45 kg and 41 kg respectively, which there have no distinct effect on the birth weight of Simmental calves to the four feeding methods. When feeding in pen and nursing regularly for the group IV, the calves grow fastest showing the maximum average daily gain and the minimum feed-weight ratio. The weaned weights at 4 months and body weights of 6 months were the highest of which the body weights of male and female calves reached 217.19±52.27 kg and 191.50±14.62 kg, 296.11±26.51 kg and 259.11±24.92 kg, respectively. Through the stepwise weaning, regular nursing and supplementary feeding in calf hutch can improve the survival rate, reduce weaning stress, promote the growth and development, and promote the breeding level. [Conclusion] It is better to breeding calves by limiting the nursing time and duration of calves according to the month age, of which the method of lactating cows in the barn and feeding calves in the calf hutch according to the month age is the best manner to promote the growth of calves, and gain the lowest feed weight ratio.