规模化奶牛场繁育管理与关键产科病防治

Breeding Management and Treatment of Key Obstetric Diseases in Large-Scale Dairy Farms

中文关键词: 奶牛繁殖性能监控表  产后护理  产后疾病  全覆盖子宫灌注

英文关键词: Dairy cow reproductive performance monitoring table  postpartum care  postpartum diseases  full cover uterine perfusion

中文摘要:

      在大型的集约化奶牛场，奶牛的正常配种和关键产科疾病的防治，是影响奶牛场经济效益的关键。作者根据在现代化奶牛场多年的工作经验，设计“奶牛繁殖性能监控表”，记录和掌握产后母牛及犊牛的个体状况，并根据此表记录的信息制定牛群产后不同阶段的具体任务。文章指出，产后20～30天之内，对产后母牛进行全覆盖子宫药物灌注，使奶牛在产后60天内出现第一次发情;产后100天以内出现第二次发情再配种。一次配种，成功率在70%以上，半年以上不孕牛控制在10%以下。配种一头母牛平均消耗精液1.8～2支，使全年成年母牛的总受胎率保证完成92.5%以上。此套奶牛产后监控管理措施的实施，可减轻授精员的工作量，有效提高奶牛的利用效率，减少牛群产科疾病的发生。

英文摘要:

      In large intensive dairy farms, the normal breeding of cows and the prevention and treatment of key obstetric diseases are the keys to affect the economic benefits of dairy farms. Based on years of working experience in modern dairy farms, the author designed a '' dairy cow reproductive performance monitoring table '' to record and master the individual status of postpartum cows and calves, and according to the information recorded in this table, the specific tasks of different stages of postpartum cows were formulated. It was pointed out in this paper that within 20–30 days after delivery, the postpartum cows were perfused with whole uterus covering drugs, so that the cows had the first estrus within 60 days after delivery. The second estrus reproduction occurred within 100 days after delivery. One time breeding, the success rate of more than 70%, more than half a year infertility cattle control below 10%. One cow consumed 1.8–2 semen on average, so that the total pregnancy rate of adult cows was guaranteed to be over 92.5%. The implementation of this set of postpartum monitoring and management measures can reduce the workload of insemination, effectively improve the utilization efficiency of dairy cows, and reduce the occurrence of obstetric diseases in cattle.