青海省同德牦牛群体的父系遗传多样性及遗传背景探析

Analysis of paternal genetic diversity and genetic background of Tongde yak population in Qinghai province

中文关键词: 牦牛  Y-SNP  Y-STR  父系遗传多样性  群体遗传结构  起源

英文关键词: Yak  Y-SNP  Y-STR  Paternal genetic diversity  Population genetic structure  Origin

中文摘要:

      【目的】为从分子水平上揭示青海省同德牦牛的父系遗传多样性、群体遗传结构和遗传背景。【方法】本研究对32头同德公牦牛使用5个Y-SNPs标记（SRY4、USP9Y、UTY19、AMELY3和OFD1Y10）和1个Y-STR标记（INRA189）进行PCR扩增、测序和分型，使用BioEdit、Arlequin和Network等生物信息学软件综合分析同德牦牛的父系遗传多样性、群体遗传结构及父系起源。【结果】32头同德牦牛5个Y-SNPs标记即SRY4（969bp）、USP9Y（470bp）、UTY19（290bp）、AMELY3（971bp）和OFD1Y10（763bp）的PCR扩增产物测序长度与先前研究结果一致，INRA189标记分型分析共检测到155bp、157bp和159bp 3个等位基因；在同德牦牛群体AMELY3标记中检测到一个新的Y-SNP位点（即g.719 C>T）；基于5个Y-SNPs标记11个Y-SNPs位点和INRA189标记3个等位基因的联合分型，共确定了6种Y染色体单倍型（即Y1H1、Y1H2、Y1H3、Y1H4、Y1H5和Y2H6），Y染色体单倍型多样度（Hd）为0.714±0.060，表明同德牦牛具有丰富的父系遗传多样性；系统发育分析显示同德牦牛由2个父系支系组成（即Y1和Y2），提示其拥有2个父系起源。【结论】同德牦牛拥有特殊的父系遗传信息，具有丰富的父系遗传多样性，由2个父系支系组成，拥有2个父系起源。

英文摘要:

      【Objective】To explore the paternal genetic diversity, population genetic structure and genetic background of Tongde yak in Qinghai Province at the molecular level. 【Methods】32 Tongde male yaks were amplified by PCR, sequenced and genotyped using five Y-SNPs (SRY4, USP9Y, UTY19, AMELY3 and OFD1Y10) and one Y-STR (INRA189) markers. The paternal genetic diversity, population genetic structure and genetic background of Tongde yaks were analyzed based on BioEdit, Arlequin and Network software.【Results】The amplification lengths of five Y-SNPs SRY4 (969bp), USP9Y (470bp), UTY19 (290bp), AMELY3 (971bp) and OFD1Y10 (763bp) in 32 Tongde yaks were consistent with the previous results. Three alleles including 155bp, 157bp and 159bp were detected in INRA189. A new Y-SNP (g.719 C>T) was detected at AMELY3 in Tongde yak population. Based on five Y-SNPs markers with 11 Y-SNPs sites and Y-STR INRA189 with three alleles, six Y-haplotypes (Y1H1, Y1H2, Y1H3, Y1H4, Y1H5 and Y2H6) were identified totally. The Y-haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.714±060, indicating that Tongde yak has rich paternal genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Tongde yak was composed of two paternal branches (Y1 and Y2), suggesting two paternal origins in Tongde yak. 【Conclusion】 Tongde yak own special genetic information and has rich paternal genetic diversity, which is composed of two paternal branches with two paternal origins.