安徽亳州畜禽规模养殖场肥水还田试验初报

Preliminary report on the experiment of returning fertilizer water to the field on the large-scale livestock and poultry farms in Bozhou, Anhui

中文关键词: 规模养殖场  粪水变肥水  还田技术  试验报告

英文关键词: Large-scale breeding farm  Manure water to fertilizer water  Technology of returning to the field  Test report

中文摘要:

      [目的]探索生猪、奶牛等产生粪水(含冲刷污水,下同)较多的规模养殖场,根据粪水产生量确立粪水收集池、厌氧发酵池和储存池的池容以及配套消纳的土地面积；依据肥水营养成分、土壤本底数的检测结果,结合小麦、玉米预计单产所需要的N素量,制定“一场一策”施肥方案,推动有机肥替代化肥减量行动。[方法]规模养殖场产生的粪水进行全量收集,用泵输送到沉淀池沉淀,经固液分离,粪水输送到厌氧发酵池进行深度厌氧发酵(不少于100天),实现粪水变肥水；粪渣运送到堆肥场进行好氧堆肥。在农时季节肥水作为基肥或稀释后作为追肥还田,通过加压泵将肥水注入田间管网,还田施用。[结果]4个小麦试验田块中,肥水替代部分化肥区小麦长势正常,叶色绿色—深绿色、株高75-78㎝、病虫害为未发—轻发；平均亩穗数为41.9万穗,比全量施用化肥区多2.6万穗,提高6.61%；平均穗粒数为36.8粒,比全量施用化肥区多1.7粒,提高4.84%；4个试验点中有2个点发生少量倒伏,肥水替代区田块倒伏程度明显低于全量施用化肥区。[结论]一是测算出每1万头猪当量的养殖场,需建设厌氧发酵池和肥水储存池总容积不少于7000 m3、配套消纳土地面积不少于1300亩；肥水pH在5.5—8.5之间,指标符合要求后方可还田。二是试验发现肥水施用量替代化肥氮素用量的50%,试验田块的当年投入养分达不到农作物需肥量的要求,应根据土壤基础肥力状况,逐年增加肥水施用量,实现逐年减少化肥施用量；建议肥水替代量调整为25-30%。

英文摘要:

      [Objective] According the production of livestock wastewater from large-scale pigs and dairy cows farms (including flushing sewage, the same below), we established the capacity of manure water collection tanks, anaerobic fermentation tanks and storage tanks and supporting land area for consumption; Based on the nutrient content of fertilizers and the soil background, combined with the amount of N required for the estimated yield of wheat and corn, a "one-by-one policy" fertilization plan was formulated to promote the organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers. [Methods] All of the manure water was collected and transported by pumps to the sedimentation tank for precipitation. After the solid-liquid separation, the liquid was anaerobic fermented in tanks for more than 100 days and the solid for aerobic composting. In the farming season, fertilizer water was injected into the field by a pressurized pump as base fertilizer or diluted as top dressing. [Results] The test group of 4 plots wheat leaf color was green to dark green, 75-78 cm of plant height and the disease and insect pests were non-occurring or light-occurring; The average number of ears per mu was 419 000, 26 000 more than that in the area with full chemical fertilizer, an increase of 6.61%; the average number of grain amount per head is 36.8, 1.7 more than that in the area with full chemical fertilizer, an increase of 4.84%; A small amount of lodging occurred in 2 test sites, it was significantly lower than that in the area with full chemical fertilizer. [Conclusion] 10,000 pigs equivalent need more than 7000 m3 anaerobic fermentation tanks and fertilizer storage tanks, and the supporting land area for consumption need not less than 1,300 mu; The pH of the fertilizer water is 5.5-8.5; According the crops need of fertilizer nitrogen, 50% replace does not meet the requirements, it is recommended to adjust the amount of fertilizer and water replacement to 25-30%.