阿拉善蒙古牛的种质资源保护与产业发展建议

Suggestions on protection of genetic resources and industrial development of Alxa Mongolia Cattle

中文关键词: 阿拉善牛  蒙古牛  种质资源保护  产业发展建议  

英文关键词: Alxa cattle  Mongolia cattle  genetic resource protection  industrial development suggestions

中文摘要:

      阿拉善牛是蒙古牛的一个重要群体,作为我国北方地区的优良肉牛品种之一,具有乳肉役兼备的特点,适应干旱寒冷的气候,适合荒漠化草原和沙漠放牧等优异特性,主要分布在腾格里沙漠、巴丹吉林沙漠和乌兰布和沙漠湖泊湿地及其周边地区,现存栏约3.3万余头,是我国宝贵的肉牛遗传资源。但是阿拉善蒙古牛存在长期近亲繁殖,群体内的遗传变异越来越窄的趋势,加之本身生长速度缓慢、体型小等不足,未来可使阿拉善蒙古牛品种资源不断枯竭。为了保护阿拉善蒙古牛等蒙古牛群体的优异特性和种质资源,本文章综述了阿拉善蒙古牛的体貌特征、数量分布以及对阿拉善蒙古牛种质资源的保护措施和产业发展建议。

英文摘要:

      Alxa cattle is an important group of Mongolia cattle. As one of the excellent beef cattle breed in northern China, it has the characteristics of dairy and meat, adapt to the natural conditions such as arid and cold climate and desertification grassland grazing, mainly distributed in Tengger Desert, Badain Jaran Desert, and Ulan Buh Desert Lake Wetland and its surrounding areas, and it is a precious beef cattle genetic resource. However, Alxa cattle have slow growth and small size, with about 33,000 cattle. Due to the long-term inbreeding, the genetic variation within the breed is becoming narrower, which may lead to the depletion of Alxa cattle breed resources in the future. In order to protect the high-quality characteristics and genetic resources of Alxa cattle, this article summarizes the physical characteristics, quantity distribution, and the protection measures and industrial development suggestions for the genetic resources of Alxa cattle.