青年牛健康生长的饲养管理要点

Key points of feeding and management for healthy growth of young cattle

中文关键词: 青年牛  饲养  管理

英文关键词: Young cattle  feeding  management

中文摘要:

      青年牛又称初孕牛,是指妊娠后到初次产犊前的母牛(16月龄至初产),体重一般在200公斤至400公斤阶段的牛。青年牛培育的目标体重大于550公斤,临产体况评分3~3.75,首次产犊日龄24~25月龄。该阶段的青年母牛还处于生长发育阶段,饲养上除考虑胎儿生长发育外,还应考虑其自身的生长发育所需的营养。根据体况和胎儿发育阶段,合理控制精饲料饲喂量,防止过肥或过瘦,体况评分在2.75~3.25分为宜,过肥会导致难产及产后综合征的发生。青年牛也是牛骨架拉大成型的关键期,如果因营养供给和管理失当,将导致肉牛育肥(400公斤至750公斤以上)饲草料转化率低、增重差、消化系统失衡的后果,并严重影响育肥企业的经济收益。因此,本文养好青年牛的重要性、影响青年牛阶段健康的主要因素、青年牛的饲养和管理以及防止青年牛饲养管理步入误区的主要措施等几方面进行论述,为养牛企业在实际生产中的应用提供技术参考。

英文摘要:

      Young cattle, also known as the first pregnant cattle, refers to the cows (16 months old to primipara) after pregnancy and before the first calving, whose weight is generally 200 kg to 400 kg. The target body weight of young cattle is more than 550 kg, the body condition score is 3-3.75, and the first calving age is 24-25 months. In this stage, the young cows are still in the stage of growth and development. In addition to the growth and development of the fetus, the nutrition needed by their own growth and development should also be considered in feeding. According to the body condition and fetal development stage, the concentrate feed should be reasonably controlled to prevent over fatness or thinness. The body condition score should be between 2.75 and 3.25. Over fatness will lead to dystocia and postpartum syndrome. Young cattle are also the key period of cattle skeleton stretching. If the nutrition supply and management are improper, it will lead to low conversion rate of forage, poor weight gain and imbalance of digestive system in beef cattle fattening (400 kg to 750 kg), and seriously affect the economic benefits of fattening enterprises. Therefore, this paper discusses the importance of raising young cattle, the main factors affecting the health of young cattle stage, the feeding and management of young cattle, and the main measures to prevent the feeding and management of young cattle from going into misunderstanding, so as to provide technical reference for the application of cattle raising enterprises in actual production.