先秦时期水牛文化遗产的梳理与提炼*

The Management of Buffalo Cultural Heritage in Pre-Qin Period of China and Its Culture Refining

中文关键词: 水牛文化遗产  先秦时期  图腾文化  祭祀文化  军事文化

英文关键词: buffalo cultural heritage  the pre-qin period  totem culture  sacrificial culture  military culture

中文摘要:

      在水牛已从役用向食用方向转变、产业转型升级的背景下，挖掘我国水牛文化起源，有助于解决现代水牛相关产品设计“同质化”、缺乏文化底蕴等问题。 本文从考古遗存、神话传说和民俗活动三方面收集、甄别水牛文化遗产，结合历史和社会背景对水牛文化进行梳理归纳，发现先秦时期水牛主要服务于宗教和军事需求，形象被广泛用于图腾、牺牲、礼器、运输，形成了早期民族美学理念。春秋战国时期，出现水牛拉犁的耕种模式，水牛的职能开始从祭祀向役用方向转变。先秦时期的水牛文化提炼能促进现代水牛奶、肉、皮、角等产业发展，可为产品、包装、广告设计提供新思路，并对开拓水牛特色产品市场、打造文化经济、弘扬传统文化等具有理论指导意义。

英文摘要:

      Nowadays the buffalo is changing from working animal to food animal and buffalo industry is facing the transformation and upgrading. Therefore,the development of buffalo culture origin is helpful to apply it to modern product design, and to solve the problems of lacking cultural heritage as well as homogenized designs. The buffalo cultural heritage was collected and identified from three aspects which are archaeological remains, mythological epic and folk activities. The culture reflected in the cultural heritage was analyzed and summarized in combination with the historical and social background. It is found that the buffalo mainly served religious and military needs in the pre-Qin period, and the image was widely used in totem, sacrifice, ritual vessels and transportation, forming the early national aesthetic concept. During the Spring-Autumn and Warring States Period, the cultivation mode of buffalo plow appeared, and the function of buffalo began to change from sacrifice to service. The study of buffalo culture in the pre-qin period can promote the development of modern buffalo industries for milk, meat, skin, horn and others, and provide us with new ideas for product identification, packaging and advertising design. It has theoretical guiding significance for developing product market, building buffalo culture and economy, and carrying forward traditional culture.