安格斯牛与西藏犏牛杂交生产肉牛试验初报

Preliminary Report on the Experiment of Producing Beef Cattle by Crossing Angus Cattle and Tibetan Pianniu

中文关键词: 西藏  犏牛  安格斯  杂交

英文关键词: Tibet  pianniu  Angus  hybrid

中文摘要:

      [目的]犏牛可以生活在海拔2 800～4 200 m，对高寒缺氧的生态环境具有很强的适应能力，是“世界屋脊”的著名牛种，为了提高西藏犏牛资源的综合利用，其后代变废为宝。[方法]在试验区选择200头经产母犏牛通过引进安格斯牛的细管冻精，依靠人工授精技术，应用种间三元杂交技术生产优质商品肉牛试验，测定初生、3月龄的体重、体尺指标，观察高寒气候的适应性。[结果]结果显示：参配母犏牛200头，实配160头，其中104头母犏牛怀孕受胎，98头顺利产犊。实配率80%，人工授精受胎率65%，成活率94.23%。犏牛平均妊娠期（266.81±11.93） d。安格斯与西藏犏牛杂交后代的出生体尺、体重与传统杂交犊牛（多勒）相比，平均体重增加8.95 kg,提高73.23%；体高、体斜长、胸围、管围平均分别比传统杂交犊牛（多勒）增加7.491 cm，1.394 cm，8.998 cm，0.063 cm，提高了13.94%，2.56%，15.70%，0.068%。安格斯与西藏犏牛杂交后代的3月龄与传统杂交犊牛（多勒）相比，平均体重增加43.3 kg,提高168.89%；体高、体斜长、胸围、管围平均分别比传统杂交犊牛（多勒）增加15.67 cm，16.95 cm，26.31 cm，1.64 cm，提高23.27%，24.76%，34.31%，15.83%。[结论]弥补了犏牛传统杂交后代普遍存在的体躯发育差，生长发育慢等缺陷，且很好的适应西藏高寒生态环境和管理条件，杂种优势十分明显，因此安格斯牛可作为高原环境下繁殖犏牛生产肉牛的理想父本品种使用，并拥有开发高端产品的巨大潜力。

英文摘要:

      [Objective] Piannius can live at an altitude of 2 800-4 200 m, and has strong adaptability to the cold and oxygen-deficient ecological environment. It is a famous cattle breed of the "roof of the world". In order to improve the comprehensive utilization of Tibetan pianniu resources and provide more benefits for their offspring. [Method] We selected 200 piannius in the test area by introducing the fine tube frozen essence of Angus cattle, relying on artificial insemination technology. We used the interspecies ternary hybrid technique to produce high quality commercial beef cattle. In addition, we conducted observations of the offspring's nascent, weight observation at 3 months of age, and adaptive observation of body size indicators and alpine climate. [Result] The results showed that there were 200 female piannius and 160 heads, of which 104 female piannius were pregnant and 98 had a good calving. The actual ratio was 80%, the artificial insemination rate was 65%, and the survival rate was 94.23%. The average gestation period of pianniu was (266.81±11.93) d. The birth weight and weight of the descendants of Angus and Tibetan piannius were significantly improved. Compared with the traditional hybrid group, the body weight increased by 8.95 kg, an increase of 73.23%. The body height, body length, chest circumference and tube circumference were increased by 7.491 cm, 1.394 cm, 8.998 cm and 0.063 cm, respectively, compared with the traditional hybrid pianniu(Dole), which increased by 13.94%, 2.56%, 15.70% and 0.068%. Compared with the traditional hybrid group, the Angos and Tibetan pianniu hybrids increased their body weight by 43.3 kg, an increase of 168.89%. The body height, body length, chest circumference and tube circumference were increased by 15.67 cm, 16.95 cm, 26.31 cm and 1.64 cm, respectively, compared with the traditional hybrid pianniu (Dole), which increased by 23.27%, 24.76%, 34.31%, 15.83%. [Conclusion] It makes up for the defects of poor body development and slow growth and development in the traditional hybrid offspring of pianniu, and it is well adapted to the alpine ecological environment and management conditions in Tibet. The heterosis is very obvious, so Angus cattle can be used as breeding in the plateau environment. Piannius produce the ideal paternal breed of beef cattle and has great potential to develop high-end products.