陕西关中地区肉牛舍内外空气质量时空变化观测分析

Observation and Analysis of Air Quality Inside and Outside Cowshed in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province

中文关键词: 陕西关中地区  春季  牛舍  微生物  有害气体  空气质量

英文关键词: Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province  spring  cowshed  microorganisms  harmful gases  air quality

中文摘要:

      [目的]研究旨在研究不同建筑类型肉牛舍空气中有害气体(NH₃、CO₂、H₂S)、细菌和真菌含量的时空分布变化情况，并分析微生物在舍内外（包括场内和场外）的空间分布规律。[方法]选择陕西省关中地区牛舍为分别为半开放式、开放式和封闭式的3个肉牛养殖场，对其舍内外不同时段的细菌和真菌以及有害气体、温湿度等进行同步检测分析。[结果]结果表明，测试期间，三类牛舍的氨气浓度、硫化氢浓度、二氧化碳浓度均在畜禽场环境质量标准允许范围内，而细菌与真菌在部分时间和地点超标，封闭式牛舍的空气质量要明显差于半开放式牛舍与全开放牛舍。[结论]不同建筑类型、不同时间段各牛舍空气质量基本符合国家标准，基本能满足肉牛生长育肥需求，封闭式牛舍需要制定合理的通风换气方案。

英文摘要:

      [Objective] The aim of present research was to explore the spatiotemporal distribution changes of harmful gases (NH₃, CO₂, H₂S), bacteria and fungi contents in the air of cowshed of different building types, and analyze the spatial distribution rules of microorganisms in and out of the barns (including inside and outside the cowshed). [Methods] Three types of cowshed were selected in in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province: Semi-open, open and closed cattle farms, and bacteria, fungi, harmful gas, temperature and humidity in and out of the cattle farms in different periods were detected and analyzed simultaneously. [Results] During the test, the ammonia concentration, hydrogen sulfide concentration and carbon dioxide concentration of the three kinds of cowshed were all within the allowed range of the environmental quality standard of livestock and poultry farm, and the bacteria and fungi exceeded the standard in some time and places. The air quality of the closed cowshed was significantly worse than that of the semi-open cowshed and the fully open cowshed. [Conclusion] The air quality of cowshed in different building types and different time periods basically meets the national standards and basically meets the requirements of beef cattle growing and fattening. The enclosed cowshed needs to develop a reasonable ventilation and ventilation program.