后期饲养战略对于早期断奶牛生产速度的影响

Effects on the Production Speed of Early Weaning Cows by Late Feeding Strategy

中文关键词: 犊牛  早期断奶  生长速度

英文关键词: yak  early weaning  speed of growth

中文摘要:

      [目的]为探索适宜当地的犊牛早期断奶时间，促进犊牛早期生长发育和使母牛尽快恢复体况，进入下一个繁殖周期。[方法]选择体格大小一致、健康无疾病、体重接近，父本相同，3月龄西杂犊牛20头作为试验牛，随机分成A组和B组，每组10头（公、母数量相同）。A组经过1个月断奶精料、粗料和多汁饲料的过渡性适应，4月龄断奶，并根据犊牛生长发育逐渐增加精料、多汁饲料，B组按照养殖场饲喂方法饲养，并于6月龄断奶，A组与B组犊牛6月龄断奶后自由采食粗饲料、按体重1%饲喂精饲料，分别在犊牛6，12，18月龄称重。[结果]结果表明：肉牛18月龄时A、B组犊牛的平均体重分别为638 kg，546 kg，A组高于B组92.00 kg（P＜0.01），表明犊牛早期断奶、在满足营养需要的前提下，后期的生长速度比6月龄断奶高。[结论]犊牛早期断奶技术是一项实用技术，值得在养殖场和规模养殖户中大力推广的应用。

英文摘要:

      [Objective]In order to explore the suitable weaning time of calf, promote the early growth and development of calf and cause the cows to restore as soon as possible, and enter the next breeding cycle. [Method] Twenty 3-month old western hybrid calves with the same size, health and disease-free, similar body weight and the same father and mother were selected as treatment cows. And they were randomly divided into group A and group B, with 10 heads in each group (the same number of males and females). Group A was weaned at 4 months of age after a transitional adaptation of crude weaning concentrate and succulent feed for 1 month, and the succulent concentrate feed was gradually increased according to the growth and development of calves. Group B was raised according to the feeding method of the farm, weaned at 6 months of age. Calves of group A and group B were raised coarse fodder freely after weaning at 6 months old, and fed with fine fodder at 1% of body weight, and weighed at 6, 12 and 18 months old respectively. [Result] The results showed that the average body weight of the calves in group A and group B was 638 kg and 546 kg at 18 months of age, and that in group A was 92.00 kg higher than that in group B (P < 0.01). It indicated that the growth rate later of the calves weaned in early stage is higher than that of calves weaned at the age of 6 months on the premise of meeting nutritional needs. [Conclusion] The early weaning technology of calves is a practical technology that deserves to be promoted in farms and scale farmers.