动物MSTN基因作用机制及突变研究

Study on Mechanism and Mutations of MSTN Gene in Animals

中文关键词: 动物  生长抑制素（MSTN）基因  双肌  单核苷酸多态性（SNP）

英文关键词: animal  myostatin  double muscling  single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

中文摘要:

      肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin，MSTN）又称生长分化因子8，是TGF-β超家族成员，也是肌肉发育的负调控因子。MSTN在家畜出生前、出生后都起到关键作用，并且决定家畜的整体肌肉含量，由于MSTN基因突变，导致牛和羊等许多物种表现出“双肌”现象。因此，一直以来，MSTN多态性及其对肉类产量的遗传效应研究是动物育种领域的热点。因此，本文首先介绍MSTN调控肌肉发育的机制通路，然后再探讨MSTN突变及其与相关表型的关系，以及改变MSTN表达对家养动物（牛、马、山羊、绵羊、猪、鸡和兔）的生理影响，最后，综述了MSTN基因多态在国内外畜禽中的研究进展。

英文摘要:

      Myostatin （MSTN）, also known as growth differentiation factor 8, a member of TGF-β super-family, is a negative regulator of muscle development. MSTN acts at key points during pre- and post-natal life of amniotes that ultimately determines the overall muscle mass of an animal. Because of mutations of MSTN gene, a number of large animals, including cattle, goat and sheep displayed the ‘double muscled’ phenotype. Therefore, the study of MSTN polymorphism and its genetic effect on meat yield has always been a hotspot in the field of animal breeding. Here, we firstly give an overview of the molecular pathways regulated by MSTN that control muscle development. Then we describe the natural mutations and their associated phenotypes as well as the physiological influence of altering MSTN expression in livestock animals (cattle, horse, goat, sheep, pig, chicken and rabbit). Finally, the research progress of MSTN gene polymorphism in domestic and foreign livestock and poultry is reviewed.