不同营养水平全混合日粮（TMR）饲喂利杂牛育肥效果分析

Effect of Feeding TMR at Different Nutrition Levels on the Fertilization of Limousin Crossbred Cattle

中文关键词: 肉牛  杂交组合  全混合日粮（TMR）  育肥增重  体尺测定

英文关键词: beef cattle  hybrid combination  total mixed rations (TMR)  fertilization and weight gain  scale determination

中文摘要:

      [方法]研究采用全混合日粮（TMR）饲喂方式，对利木赞牛与本地黄牛杂交改良后代F1进行低、中、高3个不同营养水平（15～18月龄，分别编为试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组）的日粮配方筛选试验，基础日粮为全株玉米青贮+玉米芯+苜蓿干草+肉牛精料补充料，试验期100 d。[结果]研究结果表明，从平均期末体重、期内总增重及日增重指标来看，试验Ⅲ组（高营养水平）平均日增重达（1.63±0.33） ㎏，高于Ⅰ组（1.58±0.29） kg和Ⅱ组（1.61±0.30） kg，按平均期末体重、期内总增重和日增重排序，为试验Ⅲ组（高营养水平）>Ⅱ组（中营养水平）＞Ⅰ组（低营养水平），试验结果的趋势表明，同品种组合杂种肉牛不同营养水平，其育肥增重效果不同。但组间差异不显著（P＞0.05），可能与标本量不足有关。在经济效益方面，随着精补料/增重比重的增加，相应试验组肉牛的产出增加，但同时也增加了养殖成本，从试验组的头均纯收益、新增投入占产出比以及总投入占产出比3个方面进行从低到高的排序为Ⅲ组（高营养水平）＜Ⅱ组（中营养水平）＜Ⅰ组（低营养水平）。[结论]试验结果表明，此结果与其平均日增重和日料的营养水平是相吻合的。因此，为了节本增效，应充分利用宁夏地区的优势杂交肉牛组合，同时辅以标准化的、能够充分利用当地饲草优势的、多元化的、科学的日粮配方。

英文摘要:

      [Methods] In this experiment, the modified offspring F1 of Limuzangniu and local cattle were modified at different levels of nutrition (15 to 18 months old) by means of TMR feeding. The basic daily grain was the whole corn silage + corn cob + alfalfa hay + beef cattle concentrate supplement, and the test period was 100 d. [Results] The study showed that from the average end weight, total weight gain during the period, and daily weight gain indicators, the average increasing weight of group Ⅲ(high nutritional level) was 1.63±0.33 kg . Higher than group I (1.58±0.29) kg and group Ⅱ (1.61±0.30) kg, according to the average end weight, total weight gain during the period, and increasing weight, for group Ⅲ(high nutritional level) & GT; group Ⅱ (medium nutrient level) > group I (low nutrient level), the trend of the test results shows that the different nutrient levels of mixed beef cattle of the same breed have different weight gain effects. However, the difference between the groups was not significant (P > 0.05), which may be related to the insufficient number of specimens. In terms of economic benefits, with the increase in the proportion of refined filling/weight gain, the output of beef cattle in the corresponding test group increased, but at the same time it also increased the cost of breeding. From the test group's head average net income, new input to output ratio, and total input to output ratio, the order is from low to high in group Ⅲ(high nutrition level), group Ⅱ(medium nutrition level), group I(low nutrition) level). [Conclusions] The experimental results show that the results are consistent with the average daily weight gain and the nutritional level of daily materials. Therefore, in order to save efficiency, we should make full use of the superior hybrid beef cattle combination in Ningxia, and at the same time, supplement it with standardized, diversified and scientific dietary formulas that can make full use of local forage advantages.