饲养管理方式对甘南牦牛繁殖力及杂交后代影响的研究

Impact of Feeding and Management on the Reproduction,Growth and Development of Ganan Yak and Crossbred Progeny

中文关键词: 饲养管理  野血牦牛  甘南牦牛  杂交后代  研究

英文关键词: Feeding management  Wild blood yak  Gannan yak  Hybrids  Research

中文摘要:

      [目的]为了研究加强种公牛和母牦牛的饲养管理对母牦牛的繁殖效果和杂交后代生长发育的影响.[方法]本试验用大通牦牛和其冻精杂交甘南牦牛,通过对试验组的种公牛、母牦牛和杂交后代进行补饲、延长放牧时间和提前断奶等措施,研究了203头母牦牛的繁殖效果和其杂交后代的生长发育情况.[结果]表明,自然交配试验组发情率、受胎率、繁殖成活率分别比对照组提高9.19%、11.03%、14.10%,流产率和犊牛死亡率降低3.3%、3.87%;人工授精组发情率、受胎率、繁殖成活率分别提高6.74%、5.48%、10.52%,流产率和犊牛死亡率降低4.07%、4.62%.加强母牦牛的饲养管理,所产犊牛的初生重比传统饲养管理条件下母牦牛所产的犊牛初生重公母分别增加2.92 kg和2.07 kg,提高19.80%和14.22%.6月龄体重分别增加12.82 kg和12.23 kg,提高17.45%和16.88%.[结论] 用大通牦牛改良甘南牦牛,采用人工授精和自然交配都有良好的效果,加强种公牛、母牦牛饲养管理是提高牛群繁殖力的有效方法,对后代生长发育影响明显.

英文摘要:

      To analyze the impact of feeding and management of yak bulls and cows on reproduction performance, growth and development of Gannan yak cows and their crossbred progenies, Datong yak bulls or their frozen semen were used to mate or A.I with 203 Gannan yak cows. Nutrition supplement were strengthened for all tested bulls, cows and crossbred progenies by supplementary feeding, extending grazing period or early weaning. Oestrus rate, conception rate and calf live rate of natural-mated yak cow were raised for 9.19%、11.03%、14.10%, abortion rate and calf death rate were decreased for 3.3% and 3.87%, respectively. Meanwhile, oestrus rate, conception rate and calf live rate of A.I. yak cow were raised for 6.74%, 5.48% and 10.52%, abortion rate and calf death rate were decreased for 4.07% and 4.62%, respectively. After feeding and management were improved, birth weight of bull and cow calf were increased for 19.80% and 14.22%, i.e.2.93 kg and 2.07 kg and body weight of male and female calf at 6 month age were increase for 17.45% and 16.88%, i.e 12.82 kg and 12.23 kg. It implied that no matter artificial insemination or natural mating, Tatong yak bulls could improve growth and development of Gannan yak and it is efficient way to improve the reproduction performance of Ganna yak cow and growth of crossbred progenies by strengthen feeding and management of bulls and cows.