基于秸秆产量和牛饲养量的河南省县域肉牛养殖业发展策略分析

Analysis of the Developing Strategies of the Cattle’s Industry Based on Straw Resources and Feeding Amounts at County Levels in Henan Province

中文关键词: 秸秆资源  牛饲养量  河南省  县域  牛养殖业  发展策略

英文关键词: crop straw resources  cattle’s feeding amounts  Henan Province  county regions  cattle industry  developing strategies

中文摘要:

      本文分析了河南省牛存栏量变化、县（市、区）牛饲养量及主要县（市、区）秸秆资源量情况，旨在为县域合理规划牛产业、提高发展质量提供参考。采用组距法将河南省县域分为秸秆资源和牛饲养量均较少的双限制型县域、秸秆资源或牛饲养量较少的单限制型县域、秸秆资源和牛饲养量均适中的适中型县域以及秸秆资源和牛饲养量均富足的双富足型县域，并提出相应发展策略。结果表明，河南省牛存栏量变化特点与全国相似，均呈 “总量减少、阶段式变化” 的趋势；牛饲养量以丘陵山区较多、平原农业区较少，秸秆资源量则丘陵山区较少而平原农业区富足。发展策略上，双限制型县域（9 个，占 8.11%）应根据域内秸秆资源、牛饲养量合理调整牛养殖的规模和结构，选适宜本地化的品种和养殖模式，围绕市场需求发展特色养殖。单限制（秸秆资源）型县域（28 个，占 25.23%）应依据秸秆资源、牛饲养量及生态承载能力，合理规划养殖规模、结构及品种，发展适宜的养殖模式，实行农牧、林牧、草牧结合，探索本地化技术措施，降低成本；单限制（牛饲养量）型县域（12 个，占 10.81%）则应依据较多的秸秆资源发展适度规模化养殖，适当扩大规模，消纳本地秸秆资源。适中型县域（15 个，占 13.51%）应以生态承载能力为前提，围绕牛养殖业，向产业链的前端、末端等延伸，适当向深加工产业布局；探索适宜本地的繁育、营养、疾病防控、粪污资源化利用及管理等技术模式，实现降本增效；差异化制定产品生产战略，生产适销产品。双富足型县域（47 个，占 42.34%）应合理布局和规划全产业链，以牛养殖产业链为核心，向前端（种植）、末端（加工、销售）等环节延伸；发挥区域资源优势，降低成本，提高产业链效益；以国内市场为基础，辐射国际市场，培育产品销售平台、渠道及产业市场中心。总之，在县域尺度下，综合考虑秸秆、牛饲养量因素，合理规划县域牛产业，有利于激活潜力，提高发展质量，助力乡村产业振兴。

英文摘要:

      This article analyzed the changes in cattle inventory in Henan Province, the amount of cattle raised in counties (cities, districts), and the amount of straw resources in major counties and cities, aiming to provide references for the rational planning of the cattle industry and the improvement of development quality in counties. Using the group distance method, counties in Henan Province were divided into double restricted county regions with relatively low straw resources and cattle breeding (DLCR), single restricted counties with relatively low straw resources or cattle breeding (SLCR), suitable medium-sized counties with moderate straw resources and cattle breeding (CSCR), and double enriched counties with abundant straw resources and cattle breeding (DFCR). Corresponding development strategies are proposed. The results showed that the characteristics of changes in cattle inventory in Henan Province was similar to those in the whole country, both showing a trend of "total reduction and phased changes". The amount of cattle raised was more in hilly and mountainous areas, less in plain agricultural areas, and the amount of straw resources was less in hilly and mountainous areas while abundant in plain agricultural areas. In terms of development strategy, the double restricted counties (9, accounting for 8.11%) should adjust the scale and structure of cattle breeding reasonably according to the straw resources and cattle feeding amount within the area, select suitable localized varieties and breeding models, and develop characteristic breeding around market demand. 28 counties (25.23%) with single restriction (straw resources) should reasonably plan the scale, structure and variety of breeding based on straw resources, cattle feeding amount and ecological carrying capacity, develop suitable breeding models, implement the combination of agriculture, forestry, and grassland, explore localized technical measures, and reduce costs. On the other hand, 12 pieces of SLCR-C, account for 10.81%. These regions should develop moderate scale farming based on the abundant straw resources, expand the scale appropriately, and consume local straw resources. There is 15 number of DLCR, account for 13.51%, ecological carrying capacity should be taken as the premise, focusing on the cattle breeding industry, extending to the front and end of the industrial chain, and appropriately layout towards deep processing industries. Exploring suitable local technological models for breeding, nutrients, diseases prevention and control, utilization and management of fecal resources practices achieved cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Develop differentiated products and producing strategies and produce marketable products. 47 counties with dual prosperity (42.34%) should reasonably layout and plan the entire industry chain, with the cattle breeding industry chain as the core, extending to the front end (planting) and later end (processing, sales) and other links. Utilize regional resource advantages, reduce costs, and improve the efficiency of the industrial chain. Based on the domestic markets, radiating to the international markets, cultivating products sales platform, channels, and industrial market centers. In summary, it should be taken into consideration of straw resources and cattle feeding quantity at the county level. And planning the county’s cattle industry reasonably, which would be helpful to activating potential, improving development quality, and promoting rural industrial revitalization.